Dative with special and compound verbs (succensere, obsequi)

Many verbs take a dative where English has a direct object, especially verbs of favouring, obeying, resisting and being angry, and compounds with ad-, in-, ob-, sub- and similar prefixes.

Examples

• sed nec succensere congeneri possum 2.1but neither can I be angry with my kinsman
• imaginationi nostrae se objicit 2.12presents itself to our imagination
• cum voluptati vel dolori succumbit 2.16when it gives in to pleasure or pain
• ut civitatis ac politiae antiquissimae rationi legibusque obsequantur 2.16that they obey the reason and laws of the most ancient city and commonwealth

In the text 193

• I.5 Ab educatore, ne in certamine equestri Prasinae, aut Venetae factioni, neve in gladiatorio Thraci aut secutori fautor fierem:The chariot teams were run by factions known by their colours: the Greens (Prasina) and the Blues (Veneta). The Thraex and the Secutor were types of gladiator with different arms, and fans took sides between them. All four are dative with fautor "supporter", a noun from favere "favour", which takes the dative.
• I.5 ut labores sustinerem; minimo contentus agerem; operi manus admoverem: negotiis alienis me neutiquam immiscerem; nec delationem facilis ullam admitterem.manus admovere "to move one's hands to" takes the dative, as a compound of ad: "to set my hands to work", i.e. to do things myself.se immiscere with the dative is "to mix oneself in", i.e. "to meddle in". After ut the reflexive is me because the subject is "I".
• I.6 ne coturnices ad pugnam alerem, neve rebus istiusmodi animum adjicerem: utque libere dicta aequanimiter sustinerem.animum adjicere "to throw one's mind at" takes the dative of the thing: "to set one's heart on, take a fancy to". rebus istiusmodi "things of that kind" are crazes like the quail-fighting just named.
• I.7 porro ut accurate legerem, nec comprehensione summaria contentus essem; nec garrulis quibusvis temere assentirer.
• I.16 adhaec quod vere philosophantes in honore habebat, caeteris nihil exprobrabat.exprobrare takes the dative of the person and the accusative of the thing: "to reproach the rest with nothing". caeteris is Gataker's spelling of ceteris.
• I.17 quod principi patrique eidem subditus fuerim, qui me a fastu omni alienum redderet; fidemque faceret, posse in aula ita degi, ut nec satellitio, nec vestitu insigniore, nec funalibus statuisque istiusmodi, atque apparatu consimili opus sit:
• I.17 sed posse eum, qui rebus praeest, ita contrahere sese, ut ad privati speciem proxime accedat, nec propterea tamen, vel demissius, vel remissius se gerat in eis, quae pro republica ad morem imperatorium sunt exequenda.
• I.17 quod liberi mihi neque ingenio tardi, nec corpore distorti obtigere,obtingere 'to fall to one's lot' takes the dative: 'that children fell to me'. obtigere is the short form of the perfect obtigerunt (not the infinitive obtingere), and it is indicative: Gataker states this item as a plain fact, where most of the list has the subjunctive. tardi and distorti are predicates of liberi: 'children (who were) neither slow nor misshapen'.
• I.17 quod cum Rustico saepe succenserem nihil ultra admiserim, cujus poenitere me posset.
• I.17 quodque nulla mihi unquam talis necessitas obtigerit, ut ab alio sumere cogerer.
• I.17 quod uxor ejusmodi mihi obvenerit, tam obsequens, tam amans, tam simplex.
• II.1 obveniunt illis ista omnia a bonorum malorumque inscitia.The verb comes first and its subject last: ista omnia "all those things" (the faults just listed) obveniunt illis "come upon them". obvenire "to befall" takes the dative.
• II.1 nec laedi posse me ab horum ullo compertum habeo; (neque enim inhonesta re aliqua me quisquam involverit) sed nec succensere congeneri possum, eumve odisse.succensere "to be angry with" takes the dative: congeneri "with my kinsman". congener "of the same stock" is an adjective used here as a noun.
• II.5 Cura haec jugiter incumbat tibi, ut quicquid in manibus est, strenue peragas, prout Romanum, virumque decet, cum exquisita, nec accersita tamen, gravitate, humanitate, libertate, justitia:
• II.7 Ne te distrahant, quae extrinsecus obveniunt tibi; sed otium tibi praestes, quo boni aliquid addiscas, et huc illuc ferri desinas.
• II.11 nec errorem tam immanem admisisset unquam, sive per impotentiam, sive per imperitiam, ut bona ac mala, bonis malisque ex aequo hominibus, nullo facto discrimine, contingere pateretur.bonis malisque agree with hominibus, which comes three words later; all are dative with contingere 'to happen to': 'to good and bad men alike'. ex aequo 'on an equal footing, equally'.
• II.11 atqui mors, et vita, honor et ignominia, dolor et voluptas, opes et paupertas, ista omnia bonis pariter malisque contingunt, cum nec honesta ea nec inhonesta sint.
• II.12 verum enimvero mori non est opus tantum naturae, sed quod eidem et conducat.
• II.14 nam quis cuiquam id, quod non habet, abstulerit?
• II.16 deinde cum vel hominem quemcunque aversatur, vel laedendi consilio adversatur alicui. hujusmodi sunt autem irascentium animae.
• II.16 tertio contumelia se afficit, cum voluptati vel dolori succumbit.succumbo "sink under, give way to" is a compound verb and takes the dative.
• II.16 cum etiam minutissima quaeque ita sint agenda, ut ad finem ipsum referantur. finis autem animantium rationis participum hic est, ut civitatis ac politiae antiquissimae rationi legibusque obsequantur.
• III.2 Etiam istud est observatu non indignum, quod ea quoque quae a natura genitis superveniunt, gratiam suam quandam et venustatem obtinent.genitis "things produced", the perfect participle of gigno used as a noun, is dative with superveniunt "come on top of, follow upon", a compound verb; a natura "by nature" is the agent. So: "even those things which come along with what nature produces", its by-products. Examples follow.
• III.2 quia tamen rebus naturalibus adnascuntur, et ornatum illis adjiciunt, et contemplantium quoque animos afficiunt.
• III.3 Chaldaei, cum multorum mortem praedixissent, morti demum et ipsi concesserunt.concedere "to give way, yield" takes the dative: morti concedere "to yield to death" is a gentle way of saying "to die". et ipsi "they themselves too".
• III.3 sin sensu cariturus sis, desines voluptatibus ac doloribus distineri; desines vasi tanto deteriori inservire.
• III.4 justitia penitus imbutum; ex animo prorsus amplexantem quaecunque ex lege divina illi attributa contigerint.
• III.4 sors enim unicuique assignata, et conducit ei, et in eum finem est eidem collata.
• III.4 itaque laudem illorum nihili pendit, qui ne sibi quidem ipsis placent.placere "to please" takes the dative: sibi ipsis placent "they please themselves". ne … quidem "not even" surrounds the words it stresses: men who are not even pleasing to themselves.
• III.6 si quid, inquam, praestantius hoc adverteris, eo te vertas, eodemque tanquam bono praestantissimo, quo fruaris, toto animo fac incumbas.
• III.6 at tu simpliciter libereque id quod praestantius est eligito, eique strenue adhaerescito.
• III.9 in hoc enim sita sunt omnia, ut menti tuae nulla insit cogitatio quae vel naturae, vel animantis ratione praediti conditioni non sit consentanea.
• III.9 postulat autem ista, ut nihil temere statuamus, ut hominibus benevoli, Deisque obsequentes simus.Both predicates go with simus "we be". Each takes a dative: benevoli hominibus "kindly towards men", obsequentes Deis "obedient to the gods". obsequentes is the present participle of the deponent obsequor, used here as an adjective.
• III.10 eaque homuncionum morti celerrime concedentium, qui ne seipsos quidem probe norint, nedum jam olim defunctum quempiam, successionibus propagata.
• III.11 Eis quae dixi monitis salutaribus, istud unum adjectum sit:
• III.12 Si rationi rectae obsecutus, id quicquid est, quod jam instat, sedulo, strenue, placide egeris, nec extra opus institutum accessorium aliquid respexeris;
• III.12 huic, inquam, si adhaeseris, nihil ulterius expectans, nihil fugitans; sed quod prae manibus est juxta naturae dictamen agere, et in dictis quibusque animo heroico veritatem libere proloqui contentus; prospere plane victurus es.
• III.14 ad finem itaque festina, et spes vanas mittens, si rationem tui ullam habes, tibi consule; quod licet.consulere with the dative means "to look after, take thought for": tibi consule "look after yourself". With the accusative it means "to consult".
• III.16 affectibus tanquam fidiculis agitari, atque abripi, feris quoque competit, et effoeminatis, et Phalaridi, et Neroni, et Deos negantibus, et patriam deserentibus, et postquam fores sibi occluserint, quidlibet perpetrantibus.competere "to belong to, befit" takes the dative, and every dative that follows depends on it: feris "to wild beasts" (fera, the feminine of ferus "wild", used as a noun), effoeminatis, Phalaridi, Neroni, and the three participles.
• III.16 huic tanquam Deo, decenter obsequi; nihil a veritate alienum proloquendo, nihil a justitiae ratione devium exequendo.obsequor "obey" takes the dative: huic "this one" is the spirit, honoured tanquam Deo "as a god".
• III.16 Quod si nemo illi fidem adhibuerit, quod simpliciter, modeste, tranquille degat, neque id a quoquam aegre ferre, aut a via ea, quae ad vitae finem ducit, ideo divertere:
• IV.2 Nihil operis est frustra temereve exequendum, neque aliter quam ut artis regulis quam exactissime respondeat.
• IV.3 at tu considera, mentem tuam ubi semel agnita vi propria, subduxerit sese, spiritui sive leniter sive aspere moto neutiquam immisceri.
• IV.3 sed et perpende tecum, quam multarum rerum mutationibus interfueris ipse.
• IV.5 cum nihil subsit, quod animali intellectu praedito non congruat, vel constitutionis ejusdem rationi repugnet.
• IV.18 non est itaque circumspiciendum, sed lineae insistendum, per quam citra evagationem omnem recta curras.
• IV.19 Qui de fama posthuma solicitus est, non cogitat fore, ut unusquisque eorum qui ipsius meminerint, mox fato sit concessurus;
• IV.19 et qui huic successerit, ipse pariter; donec tandem memoria omnis prorsus per suspicientes eosdemque mox extinctos protelata, et ipsa prorsus extinguatur.
• IV.21 hoc respondere licebit, si pro concesso sumatur, animas corporibus esse superstites.
• IV.23 Quicquid tibi convenit, o Munde, convenit et mihi.
• IV.26 boni aliquid tibi obvenit? ab initio tibi, quicquid contingit, ab universo destinatum et fato certo assignatum est.
• IV.30 panes, inquit, cum desint, rationi tamen insisto.insisto "I stand on, keep at" is a compound of in and takes the dative: rationi insisto "I keep firmly to reason", I do not step off its path.
• IV.30 mihi vero, inquit alter, cum nec ex disciplinae exercitio qui praeberi solet, commeatus suppetat, persisto tamen.mihi is the dative with suppetat "is at hand (for me)", but it is put at the very front, even before inquit, to set this speaker against the first: "as for me". The cum clause is again "although", with the subjunctive suppetat; nec here means "not even".
• IV.32 adulationi deditos, arroganter pervicaces, suspicionibus indulgentes, insidias struentes, mortem aliquorum expetentes, de rerum statu praesente quiritantes, opes congerentes, consulatus, regnive appetentes.The list goes on, now with the vices. deditos is the perfect participle of dedo ("people given over") and pervicaces an adjective ("stubborn people"), both used as nouns and still accusatives after deprehendes. deditus and indulgens take the dative: adulationi deditos "given to flattery", suspicionibus indulgentes "giving way to suspicions".
• IV.39 hoc est, ne censeat aut malum aut bonum esse, quod viro malo bonoque pariter potest obvenire.
• IV.45 Subsequentia antecedentibus apte semper annectuntur.
• IV.46 quodque plerique a ratione illa dissentiunt, qua cum vel maxime conversantur jugiter, quaque universa administrantur, et peregrina eis videntur, quibus quotidie occurrunt.The antecedent of quibus is left out: "(those things) seem strange to them, which they meet every day". videntur "seem" is the passive of video; occurrunt "run into, meet" takes the dative quibus.
• IV.49 Promontorii par esto, cui fluctus jugiter cum allidantur, ipsum tamen consistit, undarumque circumfusum sibi aestum compescit.
• IV.49 accidere enim ejusmodi quid cuivis poterat: at non quivis citra animi aegritudinem casum ejusmodi tulisset.
• IV.49 num illud hominis infortunium dicis, quod naturae humanae neutiquam adversatur?adversor "oppose, be contrary to" is a deponent verb, passive in form and active in meaning, and it takes the dative: naturae humanae "to human nature". neutiquam "in no way, not at all" is a strong "not". quod "which" looks back to illud: what does not go against human nature cannot be a misfortune for a man.
• IV.49 aut naturae humanae adversari quicquam dixeris, quod secundum ejusdem voluntatem contingit?
• V.1 tu autem, quae hominis sunt, facere recusas? et non properas potius ad id, quod naturae tuae convenit?
• V.3 quae tu noli attendere, sed recta perge, naturae tum propriae, tum et communi obsecutus.
• V.6 est, qui etiamsi imputare haud ita proclivis sit, pro debitore tamen apud se habet eum cui benefecit, quidque fecerit, novit.
• V.14 Ratio arsque ipsa rationalis, facultates sunt, quae sibi operibusque suis ipsae sufficiunt.sufficio "be enough for" takes the dative: sibi operibusque suis "for themselves and for their own works". ipsae "of themselves, by themselves" agrees with quae: these powers need nothing from outside, either to exist or to do their work. This is the point of the section: reason is self-sufficient.
• V.16 praestant autem inanimatis quidem animata; ex animatis vero quae ratione sunt praedita.praesto "stand out, excel" takes the dative of what is surpassed: inanimatis "(over) lifeless things". The subject animata "animate things, living things" comes last. quidem … vero balance the two steps, "on the one hand … on the other".
• V.18 Nihil cuiquam contingit, quin a natura habeat, ut id ferre possit.
• V.20 at quatenus in actionibus debitis obsistunt nobis quandoque, hac ratione inter res medias etiam mihi censetur homo; nihilo minus quam aut sol, aut ventus, aut bellua.
• V.20 ita fit, ut et quod opus meum hoc inhibet, ad opus conducat; et ad viam conferat, quod viae initae obstabat.The two halves say the same thing in mirror order: the obstacle becomes the way forward. viae initae "the road entered on" is dative with obsto "stand in the way of"; initae is the perfect participle of ineo "go into, begin". conferre ad "to contribute to, help towards". The imperfect obstabat "was blocking" looks back from the moment the mind has turned the obstacle round.
• V.22 Quod civitati non est noxium, nec civi nocet.The clause quod … noxium "what is not harmful to the city" has no antecedent and is itself the subject of nocet. Both noxius "harmful" and nocere "to harm" take the dative: civitati "to the city", civi "to the citizen". nec here means "not … either".
• V.22 hanc ad ea omnia regulam adhibe, quibus noceri tibi posse videbitur.
• V.22 si civitati ab hac re nihil nocetur, nec mihi:
• V.23 effectiones vero mutationibus continuis, et caussae ipsae conversionibus innumeris subjacent.One verb at the end serves both halves: subjacent "lie under, are subject to" takes the dative. So effectiones "the workings (of things)" are subject mutationibus continuis "to continual changes", and caussae ipsae "the causes themselves" conversionibus innumeris "to countless transformations". Not only what happens changes, but also what makes it happen. caussae is Gataker's spelling of causae.
• V.26 nec se carni immisceat, sed circumscribat sese, et intra membrorum limites coerceat affectiones istas.
• V.26 quod si alia ratione se ad mentem subvexerint, quatenus nempe ea corpori unita est, tunc sensui, cum a natura sit, non est obnitendum,
• V.28 Num succenses ei qui hircum olet? num ei, cui halitum gravem os emittit?num expects the answer "no": "you are not angry, are you …?" succensere "be angry with" takes the dative, ei. hircum olere "to smell of the he-goat" is the old Latin way of speaking of rank armpits, used by Horace; Gataker uses it to render Marcus's word for a man who smells like a goat.
• V.33 istius tempus donec obvenerit, quid suffecerit, nisi ut Deos colas celebresque; hominibus benefacias, sustineas eos eisdemque abstineas; meminerisque ea omnia, quae extra corpusculi animulaeque tuae terminos consistunt, nec tua esse, nec in potestate tua sita?
• VI.1 mens rectrix ejusdem, nullam in se maleficii caussam habet; cum malitiam in se nullam habeat; neque malefacit cuiquam, nec a quoquam laeditur.
• VI.26 quid igitur? si irascuntur tibi, num tu vicissim illis succensebis?num opens a question that expects "no": "surely you will not be angry with them in return?" Both irasci and succensere "to be angry with" take the dative of the person: tibi, illis. irascuntur has no subject expressed: "they", the people you are spelling the name for.
• VI.27 Crudele quiddam est, non permittere hominibus, ut ad ea ferantur, quae ad se pertinere sibique conducere opinantur.
• VI.27 atqui hoc tu illis quodammodo non permittis facere, cum peccare illos aegre fers.
• VI.28 Mors finem imponit sensuum impressioni, et affectuum impulsui, et mentis discursui, et obeundo circa carnem ministerio.finem imponere "to put an end" takes the dative of what is ended; four datives follow, each joined by et. They are the ways life keeps us busy and driven: the senses struck by impressions, the passions pulling, the mind running on, the body to be served. Death is rest from them all.
• VI.30 utque sententiis ipsius libere se opponentes sustinuerit; gavisus etiam, si quis melius quicquam proferret.se opponere "to set oneself against" is a compound verb and takes the dative of what is opposed: sententiis ipsius "his own opinions". The participle opponentes is used as a noun, object of sustinuerit: "people who freely opposed his opinions".
• VI.30 haec, inquam, imitare, ut probe conscio tibi, sicut illi olim, superveniat hora novissima.
• VI.35 Nonne vides, ut artifices mechanici, etiamsi hominibus imperitis quadantenus concedant, artis tamen suae rationem nihilominus enixe adversus illos tueantur, nec ab ea quicquam abscedere sustineant?
• VI.44 Siquid de me eisque quae mihi sunt obventura Dii consuluerint, omnino bene consuluerunt.
• VI.44 ecquid enim vel illis ipsis, vel universo, cujus praecipue curam gerunt, inde accederet?
• VI.44 at si de nulla re, inquam, nostra consilia ineunt; quidni egomet mihi consulam?
• VI.44 mihi autem deliberatio competit, de eo quod conducat mihi.competo with the dative is "belong to, fall to": "deliberation belongs to me", it is my right and my task to weigh things.
• VI.45 Quaecunque unicuique contingunt, universo conducunt.
• VI.50 Aliis quae justa sunt, persuadere annitamur.
• VI.50 quod siquis vi adhibita obstiterit tibi, tu ad aequanimitatem et tranquillitatem te transfer, eoque quod obstat ad virtutis alterius exercitium fac utare.
• VI.53 Assuesce eis quae ab alio dicuntur animum sedulo adhibere, et quantum poteris dicentis animo penitus interesse.Assuesce "get used (to)" takes two infinitives, adhibere and interesse. animum adhibere with the dative is "to apply the mind to", here to eis quae ab alio dicuntur "the things that are said by another".
• VI.54 Quod examini non conducit, nec api conducit.
• VI.55 Si gubernatori nautae, medico aegroti maledicerent, ecquem alium auscultarent?
• VI.57 quare igitur cuiquam succenses?succenseo "be angry with" takes the dative: cuiquam "with anyone", from quisquam, the word used when the expected answer is "no one". quare (from qua re "by what thing") is "why?".
• VI.59 Perpende tecum, quales sint quibus placere cupis, et quarum rerum potiundi caussa id velis, quibusque officiis ista demerearis.
• VII.13 hoc ipsum benefacere per se nondum oblectat te: adhuc tanquam quod fieri deceat tantum facis, nondum perinde acsi tibi ipsi benefacias.
• VII.14 Quicquid voluerit, eis extrinsecus accidat, quae casibus istiusmodi affici possunt.
• VII.17 nec succenseo tibi tamen. facesse tantum.succenseo "be angry with" takes the dative: tibi "with you". nec … tamen "and yet … not", and tantum "only": the impression is not blamed for coming, so long as it goes.
• VII.26 hoc si fuerit, et illi te ignoscere oportet.
• VII.31 Deo obsequere.
• VII.34 illud item dispice, sicut arenarum cumuli alii aliis superingesti priora abscondunt; perinde in vita contingere, ut antegressa a succedentibus quam celerrime abscondantur.
• VII.37 Indignum est, vultum animo obsequentem, pro ejus imperio conformare et componere semet; ipsum autem animum ad suiipsius arbitrium non conformari et componi.
• VII.38 Nam neutiquam hominem rebus irasci decet! Nil quippe curant ipsae.
• VII.43 Lamentantibus ne collamenteris, neve commovearis.
• VII.55 itaque in hominis natura primum ac praecipuum est societatem colere; secundum, corporis affectionibus neutiquam succumbere.secundum here is the adjective 'second', neuter like primum, not the preposition 'according to'; supply est. succumbo 'give way, sink under' takes the dative: corporis affectionibus 'to the feelings of the body'.
• VII.64 in plerisque vero horum Epicuri illud tibi adsit, nec intolerandum, nec aeternum esse, si terminorum memor fueris, nec opinionem adjeceris.
• VII.64 quoties ergo horum aliquid aegre fers, dic tibi, dolori succumbere te.
• VII.67 quodque etiamsi desperes dialecticae aut naturalis scientiae peritiam, nihil esse tamen quod animam despondeas, quasi liber et modestus fieri nequeas, et communitatis cultor, et obsequens Deo.
• VII.68 Vi omni immunem, in summa animi hilaritate, vitam transigere licet, etiamsi quae libuerit adversus te vociferentur homines universi, etiamsi massae istius corporeae coalitae et circundatae tibi membra ferae discerpant.
• VII.74 atqui emolumentum est actio omnis naturae consentanea.
• VIII.3 illis vero, cum ea neutiquam perspecta haberent, de quam multis solicitos esse necesse fuit? quam multis rebus inservire?necesse fuit is understood again. inservire "to be a slave to" takes the dative: quam multis rebus "to how many things". The great conquerors were servants of their many affairs.
• VIII.7 prospere autem procedit rationalis natura, ubi in cogitando nec falso, nec incerto assentitur, impulsus suos ad opera, quae societatem juvent, sola dirigit,assentior "assent, agree to" is a deponent that takes the dative: falso, incerto "to (anything) false, to (anything) uncertain", neuter adjectives used as nouns. In Stoic language, to assent is to accept an impression as true. in cogitando "in thinking" is the gerund after in.
• VIII.8 at potes contumelia abstinere, potes voluptate et dolore superiorem te praestare, potes gloriolam nihili facere, potes stupidis et ingratis non succensere, imo et illorum curam gerere.succensere "to be angry with" takes the dative: stupidis et ingratis "with the stupid and the ungrateful", adjectives used as nouns. non succensere "not to be angry" is still something you can do: to hold your anger back.
• VIII.16 Memineris, aeque tibi liberum esse sententiam mutare et corrigenti parere, atque in re cepta ulla persistere.corrigenti is a present participle used as a noun, "the one correcting (you)", in the dative because parere "to obey" takes the dative. Do not confuse pārēre "obey" with parere "give birth", which is spelled the same.
• VIII.17 sin minus, quid tibi queri profuerit?
• VIII.22 Animum adverte praesenti vel decreto, vel facto, vel dicto.animum advertere "to turn the mind to" (often run together as animadvertere) takes the dative here, as in 6.20: praesenti … decreto "to the present judgement". praesenti goes with each of the three nouns in turn: whatever is in hand, a decretum (a principle or judgement of the mind), a deed or a word.
• VIII.23 contingit mihi quicquam? ita excipio, ut ad Deos referam, fontemque rerum omnium, a quo, quaecunque fiunt, ordine praestituto derivantur.The second case: what happens to me, as against what I do. contingere with the dative is "to happen to, befall". excipere is "to receive, take up": I take each event as coming from the gods.
• VIII.31 Augusti aula, uxor, filia, nepotes, privigni, soror, Agrippa, cognati, familiares, amici, Arius, Maecenas, medici, popae, aula tota morti concessit.A list in the nominative with no verb until the end, where aula tota "the whole court" gathers it up as the subject, so the verb concessit is singular. morti concedere "to yield to death", with the dative, is a dignified way of saying "to die", as in 3.3.
• VIII.31 nec illud minus, quod tumulis inscribi solet, Ultimus hic generis sui.
• VIII.36 Ne confundat te vitae tuae totius cogitatio: neque animo simul complectere, quot qualesque molestias superventuras esse tibi verisimile sit.
• VIII.37 Nunquid etiamnum Veri tumulo assidet Panthea; aut Pergamus? nunquid Hadriani Chabrias, aut Diotimus? ridiculum foret.
• VIII.39 In animantis rationalis constitutione virtutem nullam video, quae justitiae se opponat: at voluptati quae opponat sese, continentiam video.
• VIII.41 aliquid molienti tibi obstitit quippiam? si citra exceptionem moliebaris, jam tuum, qua rationalis, malum est.
• VIII.44 quid autem tua interest, si vocibus istiusmodi adstrepuerint illi tibi, aut existimationem hanc vel illam de te habuerint.
• VIII.46 Nihil homini cuiquam contingere potest, quod non humanus sit casus; nec bovi, quod non bovis sit; nec viti, quod non vitis sit, nec lapidi, quod non lapidis ipsius sit.
• VIII.49 nunciatur tibi, hunc vel illum tibi conviciatum.
• VIII.49 hoc igitur modo in primo visis consiste semper, nec amplius quicquam eis a te intus adjicias, et nihil tibi accidit, quod commoveat te.
• VIII.51 quemadmodum siquis fonti astans limpido ac dulci, conviciis eum incesserit, at ille nihilominus laticem potui accommodum fundere non cessat.siquis is si quis "if anyone". astans "standing by" (ad + sto) takes the dative fonti; the adjectives limpido ac dulci also agree with fonti, though the participle comes between.
• VIII.53 num ei studes placere, qui nec sibi ipse placet?studere "to be eager for" takes an infinitive here: "are you eager to please". placere "to please" takes the dative: ei "(to) a man", who is described by the qui clause.
• VIII.54 Curae tibi deinceps sit, non tam cum aere ambiente te conspirare, quam menti cuncta ambienti consentire.
• VIII.55 Generatim malitia mundo non obest.obesse "to be in the way of, to harm" is a compound of sum, and like prodesse it takes the dative: mundo "(to) the world".
• IX.1 qui nolens nesciusque, in quantum universi naturae dissentit, et in quantum mundi ordinem pulchre compositum infringit, dum mundi naturae adversatur.Two more in quantum clauses give the respects in which the unwitting liar is impious. dissentire "disagree, be at odds" takes the dative naturae. mundi ordinem pulchre compositum "the beautifully arranged order of the world": compositum, the perfect participle of compono "put together, arrange", agrees with ordinem. The Greek word for the world, kosmos, also means "order, adornment", and Gataker spells out the play: a falsehood puts disorder into the order of things.
• IX.1 adversus haec eadem eum pariter esse ex aequo affectum, qui naturae ductum sequi desiderat, quo naturae consentire possit.
• IX.2 secundus autem ab hoc gradus, horum satur saltem ut emori praeoptet, quam improbitati immorari.immorari "to linger in, dwell on" is a compound of the deponent moror "delay" and takes the dative, improbitati "in wickedness".
• IX.2 an nondum experientia tibi ipsa suadet, ut e peste ista profugias.
• IX.3 quo modo nunc praestolaris, donec uxoris tuae utero foetus prodeat. ita expectanda est hora, qua animula tua involucro isti excidet.animula "little soul" is a diminutive of anima, half tender, half belittling. isti is dative (the ablative would be isto), so involucro isti is dative too: with compound verbs like excido "fall out" the thing one parts from can stand in the dative. The "wrapping" is the body, which the soul leaves at death as a child leaves the womb.
• IX.4 qui injuste agit, sibi nocet, dum malum se facit.noceo "harm" takes the dative: sibi nocet "he harms himself".
• IX.9 etenim istis animae insunt; itaque in subjecto praestantiori vis illa congregativa intensior reperitur, quam in stirpibus, lapidibus, aut lignis.insum "be in" takes the dative: istis animae insunt "souls are in these", the irrational creatures. Having a soul sets them above plants and stones.
• IX.28 vel semel operi se admovit; reliqua vero per consequentiam necessariam a primis illis ita profluunt, ut serie quadam continua unum quiddam constituant.
• IX.28 siquidem qui mutationes et alterationes fluctuum instar sibi invicem supervenientes, et vicissitudinum harum celeritatem consideraverit, nae ille mortale quicquid est despectui habebit.
• IX.34 Animulas hominum nudas intuere, ut videas, quales mentes gerant, quibus rebus studeant, et quarum caussa alios diligunt ac honorent.
• IX.34 tum quando vel vituperando obesse, vel laudando prodesse cuiquam videntur, quanto cum fastu id faciant.
• IX.39 Vel ab una mente, quasi fonte communi, tanquam uni corpori superveniunt universa: nec partem oportet de eis conqueri, quae a toto fiunt.supervenire "come upon, befall" takes the dative: all things befall the world "as one body", each in its place in the whole. The subject universa "all things" stands last.
• IX.42 tum tibi quid is obfuit?obsum "be in the way, harm" is a compound of sum and takes the dative, tibi. quid is an inner accusative, "what harm", "in what way": "what harm has he done you?". tum "then" adds a new point.
• IX.42 nihil enim horum, quibus succenses, quenquam fecisse deprehendes, quod mentem tuam deteriorem reddat.
• IX.42 quid enim amplius velle debebas, ubi homini benefeceras?
• X.6 neque enim parti potest esse noxium, quod universo conducit.
• X.12 quietum quiddam, et agile tamen, alacre pariter et compositum est, quisquis rationi per omnia obsequitur.obsequi "to comply with, obey" takes the dative, rationi; per omnia is "in all things".
• X.17 Aevi totius, et naturae totius cogitatio tibi crebro occurrat.
• X.19 paulo autem ante, quam multis et qua mercede, inserviebant; et paulo post, quo in statu futuri sunt.inservio "be a slave to, serve" takes the dative: quam multis "how many (masters)". qua mercede "for what pay" is an ablative of price. The men who now lord it over others were lately slaves to many, and for a poor wage. Gataker puts this question, and the next, in the indicative, as if asked outright; classical Latin would use the subjunctive after cogita.
• X.22 Vel istic vivis, et vitae huic jam assuevisti; vel foris vadis, et hoc volebas; vel moreris, et munere defunctus es.
• X.24 nunquid carunculae ita agglutinata et permixta, ut cum illa mutetur una?
• X.28 considera et fato nos illigatos teneri: et rationali animali soli datum esse, ut eis quae eveniunt, sponte obsequi possit; cum sequi ipsum omnibus sit necessarium.obsequor "comply with, go along with" takes the dative: eis quae eveniunt "the things that happen". sponte "of one's own accord" is the ablative of a noun used almost only in this form.
• X.33 ante ingemiscere non desinas, quam eo te adegeris, ut quod voluptuariis hominibus est luxu diffluere, hoc tibi fuerit de subjecta quaque oblata tibi materia ea facere, quae humanae constitutioni conveniant.
• X.36 quin rursus, nec tanquam vitae avulsus, sed, prout eis, quibus mortis felicitas quaedam obtigit, animula a corpore leniter exolvitur, talis et tua ab istis etiam esto discessio.
• X.36 eis enim te natura annexuit et conjunxit.annecto "tie to" takes a dative, eis "to them", and conjunxit "joined" shares it. eis are the people round you, the istis of the last sentence.
• X.38 sunt enim asciae similia ista.similis "like" takes a dative or a genitive; asciae could be either, and the sense is the same: "like an adze". An ascia is a carpenter's axe or adze: the body and its organs are tools, as the adze is a tool in the carpenter's hand.
• XI.1 propria sunt animae rationalis et ista; proximos diligere, veracem, verecundam esse, nihil sibi praeferre, quod et legis est proprium.praeferre "put before, prefer" takes the accusative of what is preferred and the dative of what it is preferred to: "to prefer nothing to itself", to rank nothing above its own reason. quod picks up this last item: law too ranks nothing above itself.
• XI.3 ut mortem obeas considerate, composite, citra tumultum, quo et aliis idem suadere possis.
• XI.4 hoc tibi semper succurrat: nec desinas unquam.
• XI.6 Et rursus, Nam neutiquam hominem rebus irasci decet.
• XI.6 Tragoediae successit vetus comoedia, quae libertate magistrali instructa, nec obliqua sed diserta oratione usa, fastum dejicere non inepte satagebat: quo fine et Diogenes ex his quaedam adhibuit.succedo "come after, follow" takes the dative, so Tragoediae is "tragedy", not a plural. The Old Comedy is the comedy of fifth-century Athens, of Aristophanes and his rivals, who mocked living men by name, Socrates and the politician Cleon among them.
• XI.8 Ramus a ramo cui proxime adhaesit abscissus, non potest non a stirpe tota abscindi.
• XI.9 Qui ad rationis rectae normam progredienti obsistunt tibi, sicut a recte agendo avertere te nequeunt, ita nec benevolum erga illos affectum excutiant tibi.With verbs of taking away, the person who loses something stands in the dative: excutiant tibi "shake out of you". What they must not shake out is benevolum erga illos affectum "your kindly feeling towards them", with erga illos placed between the adjective and its noun.
• XI.9 etenim tam hoc imbecillis est animi, succensere istis, quam ab actione desistere, et consternatum succumbere.
• XI.10 hoc si datur, sequetur, naturam eam quae est consummatissima, caeterasque omnes in se complectitur, artificis solertiae neutiquam concedere.
• XI.13 quid enim tibi mali contigerit, modo quod naturae tuae conveniat, id ipse facias?
• XI.14 Qui se invicem contemnunt, iidem et sibi invicem assentantur: quique se invicem transcendere cupiunt, sibi invicem se submittunt.
• XI.15 fronti inscriptam statim oportuit vocem hanc, in oculis ipsis relucere statim, quomodo animus se habeat: sicut in amantis oculo cuncta statim dignoscit amasius.inscribo "write on" takes the dative of the surface: fronti "on the forehead", from frons, frontis "forehead", not frons, frondis "leaf". What a man is should be legible on his face, with no need to read it out. Modern translations take the Greek differently, with the voice ringing it out at once; Gataker makes the saying itself the thing written on the forehead.
• XI.16 nec accedit ad nos, sed quiescit; nos autem sumus, qui judicia de his proferimus atque nobis ipsis inscribimus, cum nec inscribere in nobis situm sit, et si clanculum irrepserint, statim obliterare:
• XI.18 tu autem speciali quadam ratione etiam illis praefectus, ut gregi aries, armento taurus.
• XI.18 mihi quidem noceri nequit. sed ipse laederis, mi fili.
• XI.18 Veruntamen ex aequo cavendum, sicut ne irascaris eis, ita etiam ne aduleris.
• XI.19 quartum esto, quicquid conscientia tibi dictaverit, fore per illud, ut pars tui divinior devicta succumbat viliori, corpori nempe mortali ejusque crassis voluptatibus.succumbere "to sink under, yield to" takes the dative. viliori "to the baser" is the comparative of vilis "cheap", with parti "part" understood; nempe "namely" then names it: the mortal body and its gross pleasures. ejus "its" is the genitive of is, referring to corpori.
• XI.20 Quicquid aereum et igneum immixtum est tibi, etiamsi natura sursum feratur, utrumque ut tamen universi dispositioni obsequatur, in massa composita istic detinetur.
• XI.20 usqueadeo etiam elementa universo obtemperant, dum ibi, ubi per vim disposita sunt, manent, donec dissolutionis signum detur.usqueadeo is usque adeo "all the way so far", printed as one word, as Gataker's edition has it: "to such a degree". "so thoroughly do even the elements obey the universe". obtemperare "to obey" takes the dative; universo, the neuter of universus used as a noun, is "the universe".
• XI.20 et huic tamen nihil violentum injungitur, sed ea sola quae ei secundum naturam sunt. nec sustinet tamen, sed in contrarium fertur.injungere "to lay upon, impose" takes the dative of the one burdened: huic "upon this", the mind (mens, feminine). Nothing violentum "forced, against nature" is laid on it, unlike the elements, which are held per vim "by force".
• XI.33 assidet huic, qui puerulum requirit, cum non amplius conceditur.assidere "to sit beside" takes the dative: "next to this (madman) sits the man who …", that is, he is no saner. The subject of assidet is the whole clause qui puerulum requirit. Epictetus (Discourses 3.24.86–87) means the parent who longs for a child already taken by death.
• XII.1 Ista omnia, quae per ambages assequi contendis, jam consequi potes, ni tibi ipse invideas.
• XII.3 si a mente, inquam, tua haec sejunxeris, quae ex affectu vehementiore ei adhaerere solent, et temporis quicquid vel praeteritum vel futurum est;
• XII.6 nam et sinistra manus, cum ad alia opera per desuetudinem inepta sit, fraenum quam dextra validius tenet; quia huic operi assuevit.assuescere again with the dative. Its perfect assuevit "has grown used" amounts to "is used to".
• XII.16 Ubi obrepserit tibi cogitatio, peccasse aliquem, haec tu tibi, Unde novi, an peccatum hoc sit; aut si peccavit, an peccati ipse se reum peregerit?
• XII.20 secundo, ne ad ullum alium finem, quam qui societati conducat, referatur.
• XII.23 nec autori ejus, cessationis hujus ratione, mali quicquam contingit.
• XII.23 bonum autem semper ac tempestivum est, quod universo conducit.
• XII.23 proinde vitae cessatio non est malum cuiquam, quia nec inhonestum: siquidem nec optionis sit nostrae, nec communitatis legibus adversetur.
• XII.27 succurrat tibi simul et quicquid est ejusmodi, quale est Fabius Catulinus in agro, Lucius Lupus et Stertinius Bajis, Tiberius Capreis, et Velius Rufus;
• XII.27 quantoque sit philosophiae magis consentaneum in oblata sibi materia justum, temperantem, Deis obsequentem se simpliciter praestare.
• XII.31 si ergo contemptu digna satis ista videntur omnia, ad illud perge, quod ultimum restat, Deo nempe ac rationi obsequi.
• XII.31 atqui instituto huic repugnat, siquis aegre ferat, quod istis morte privandus sit.
• XII.35 nec interesse putat, plures an pauciores rationi rectae consentaneas actiones ediderit, mundumque longiori an breviori temporis spatio contemplatus sit; huic nec mors formidabilis esse poterit.