Result clauses (ut after ita, tam, sic)

After a signal word such as ita, sic, tam, tantus, talis or adeo, a clause with ut and the subjunctive says what follows as a result: "so … that".

Examples

• cum etiam minutissima quaeque ita sint agenda, ut ad finem ipsum referantur 2.16since even the smallest things must be done in such a way that they are directed to the end itself
• nec errorem tam immanem admisisset unquam, sive per impotentiam, sive per imperitiam, ut bona ac mala, bonis malisque ex aequo hominibus, nullo facto discrimine, contingere pateretur 2.11nor would it ever have made so great a mistake, through lack of power or of skill, that it let good and bad things happen to good and bad men alike, without distinction

In the text 73

• I.8 ab isto didici, et quo modo beneficia, quae dicuntur, ab amicis accipere oporteret, ut nec acceptis obnoxius fierem, nec citra sensum tamen omnem transmitterem.The ut clause spells out the right way: "so that I should neither become beholden …, nor yet let them pass …". acceptis "to the (favours) received" is a perfect participle, dative with obnoxius "beholden to"; the same favours are the understood object of transmitterem. The person shifts from the general "one" of oporteret to "I".
• I.9 et mores quibusvis accommodatos, ita ut quamvis consuetudo ipsius adulationem omnem suavitate vicerit, in veneratione tamen eisdem ipsis eodem ipso tempore non minus extiterit.ita ut "so that" introduces a result: how his adaptable manners worked out. Inside it, quamvis "although" has its own subjunctive vicerit, answered by tamen "yet". Both verbs are perfect subjunctive, and the subject is now Sextus himself: first consuetudo ipsius "his company", then "he" understood with extiterit.
• I.15 adhaec quod ita se gerebat, ut fidem quibusvis faceret; quaecunque diceret, ex animi sententia dixisse; quaecunque faceret, animo haud malo fecisse.ita … ut "in such a way … that" introduces a result clause. fidem facere alicui "to create belief in someone" is "to convince someone"; what they believed follows, despite the semicolon after faceret, as accusative and infinitive, dixisse, fecisse, with "he" understood as subject.
• I.16 Porro quod ad vitam commodius transigendam conducentibus rebus, quarum copiam illi dapsilem sors suppeditabat, citra fastum, nec libere tamen minus, utebatur; ut et praesentibus simpliciter frueretur, neque absentia multum desideraret.A result clause: "so that he both enjoyed what was present simply and did not much miss what was absent". fruor, like utor, is deponent and takes the ablative (praesentibus); absentia is a neuter plural accusative, object of desideraret, not the noun "absence".
• I.16 corporis sui cura tam probe attemperata, ut nec vitae avidus videretur, aut elegantiae studiosus, nec neglectui tamen id haberet;tam … ut "so … that" gives a result clause, with the subjunctive videretur, then haberet and, in the next sentence, efficeret. avidus and studiosus are nominative because they go with the subject of videretur, the father himself.
• I.16 sed per suam ipsius diligentiam efficeret, ut medicorum pharmacis fomentisve externis quam minime indigeret.
• I.17 tum quod adversus neminem eorum temere aliquid deliquerim, etiamsi ita affectus fuerim, ut, si occasio incidisset, ejusmodi aliquid admisissem.affectus fuerim is the perfect passive subjunctive of afficio: 'I was disposed, inclined'. ita … ut 'so … that' introduces the result: he was by nature capable of such a wrong.
• I.17 quod principi patrique eidem subditus fuerim, qui me a fastu omni alienum redderet; fidemque faceret, posse in aula ita degi, ut nec satellitio, nec vestitu insigniore, nec funalibus statuisque istiusmodi, atque apparatu consimili opus sit:
• I.17 sed posse eum, qui rebus praeest, ita contrahere sese, ut ad privati speciem proxime accedat, nec propterea tamen, vel demissius, vel remissius se gerat in eis, quae pro republica ad morem imperatorium sunt exequenda.ita … ut again gives the result: 'so far that he comes very close to the look of a private citizen'. proxime 'nearest, very close' is the superlative of prope; a privatus is a citizen with no public office.
• I.17 ut, quantum ad Deos attinet, ac suggestiones, adjutationes, inspirationes ab ipsis profectas, nihil obstet omnino, quo minus juxta naturae praescriptum confestim vivam, nisi ipse tandem in culpa sim, qui Deorum submonitiones, et tantum non claras praeceptiones neutiquam observem.ut with the subjunctive gives the result of having such thoughts: 'so that nothing stands in the way'. The present obstet follows habuerim 'I have had', a perfect that reaches into the present.
• I.17 quodque nulla mihi unquam talis necessitas obtigerit, ut ab alio sumere cogerer.talis … ut 'such … that' gives a result clause: 'no such need that I was forced to take from someone else'. cogerer is imperfect, in sequence after the past obtigerit.
• II.11 nec errorem tam immanem admisisset unquam, sive per impotentiam, sive per imperitiam, ut bona ac mala, bonis malisque ex aequo hominibus, nullo facto discrimine, contingere pateretur.tam … ut 'so … that': a result clause with the subjunctive pateretur, 'so monstrous an error as to allow'. It is imperfect by sequence after the past admisisset.
• II.16 cum etiam minutissima quaeque ita sint agenda, ut ad finem ipsum referantur. finis autem animantium rationis participum hic est, ut civitatis ac politiae antiquissimae rationi legibusque obsequantur.ita … ut with the subjunctive: "in such a way that they are referred to the end itself", i.e. every act, however small, should be directed towards the final goal of life.
• III.5 porro vultus adsit hilaris; animusque ita comparatus, ut nec externo aliquo indigeas ministerio, nec tranquillitate ea, quam ab aliis suppeditari necesse sit.ita … ut with the subjunctive gives the result: "so prepared that you need …". The person shifts from the 3rd (adsit) to the 2nd (indigeas): Marcus is talking to himself. indigere "to need" takes the ablative (ministerio, tranquillitate).
• III.6 animo ita affecto, ut in eis, quae secundum rationis dictamen peragenda sunt, sibimet ipsi, in eis quae citra consilii proprii opem obveniunt, fato acquiescat.
• III.6 sin praestabilius nihil offenderis, genio in te collocato, cum ita fuerit comparatus, ut motus suos omnes sibi subjecerit, et visa quaeque diligenter exploret,
• III.6 et a sensuum affectionibus, quod Socrates dicebat, sese abstraxerit; Deis autem se regendum permiserit, hominibusque quibusvis curam lubens impendat.
• III.7 Nihil unquam in pretio pro utili habeas, quod eo te adigat, ut fidem fallas, modestiam deseras, oderis quenquam, suspectum habeas, execreris, simules, appetas quicquam, quod parietes circumjectos velamentaque desideret.
• III.11 eademque sic intueri semper, ut mentem simul subeat, quali mundo qualem usum hoc praebeat, quamnam universi respectu dignitatem obtineat;sic … ut with the subjunctive is a result clause: "in such a way that it comes into the mind". subire mentem "to come into, occur to the mind"; what comes into the mind is the string of questions that follows.
• IV.1 Quae intra nos pars principatum obtinet, ubi secundum naturam habuerit se, adversus ea quae contingunt ita est comparata, ut ad id quod potest et concessum est, facile se transferat.ita … ut "so … that" introduces a result clause, with its verb in the subjunctive: transferat "(that) it transfers itself, turns". est comparata "is prepared, is disposed" is a perfect passive describing a lasting state; adversus ea quae contingunt "towards the things that happen" says in respect of what.
• IV.27 Mundus vel est ordine justo dispositus, vel miscela temeraria, congesta quidem ea, sed ut mundus sit tamen.
• V.1 cum tibi actiones societatem humanam spectantes sordeant magis, quam ut pari industria dignae censeantur.A comparative with quam ut and the subjunctive means "too … to": sordeant magis, quam ut … censeantur "be more worthless than that they should be thought worthy", i.e. "too worthless to be thought worthy". dignus "worthy" takes the ablative: pari industria "of equal effort", the effort the craftsman gives his craft.
• V.2 Quam facile est imaginationem omnem vel turbulentam vel inconvenientem ita amoliri et abstergere, ut in summa statim tranquillitate consistas?ita … ut with the subjunctive makes a result clause: "so … that you stand at once in perfect calm". summa "highest" is the superlative of superus; consistere in is "to take one's stand in, come to rest in".
• V.10 Res quidem ipsae adeo sunt abditae, ut philosophis haud paucis, nec vulgaribus eis, omnino percipi nil posse visum sit,adeo … ut "so … that": a result clause with the subjunctive. visum sit is the perfect passive subjunctive of video, "it has seemed", used impersonally; what seemed is the accusative and infinitive percipi nil posse "that nothing can be grasped".
• V.10 mores autem eorum, quibuscum degis, si adverteris, tales esse comperies, ut etiam gratissimum quemlibet vix sustineas, ut ne adjiciam seipsum etiam vix sustinere quenquam.tales … ut "such … that": a result clause, sustineas "you (can) bear". gratissimum quemlibet "any one, however agreeable": the superlative with quilibet means "even the most agreeable of them".
• V.27 hoc autem faciet, qui animum exhibuerit ita jugiter affectum, ut rebus sibi destinatis acquiescat;affectum is the perfect participle of afficio "dispose": a mind "so disposed". ita … ut gives the result: "that it rests content with the things allotted to it". As in Book III, acquiescere takes the dative: rebus … destinatis; sibi "to itself" refers to the mind.
• V.27 faciatque quaecunque genius ille voluerit, quem sui particulam a se avulsam Jupiter cuique attribuit, praesidem ducemque eidem futurum.
• V.28 ejusmodi os huic, illi alae sunt, ut fieri nequeat, quin tale quid ab utroque se proferat.
• VI.13 cogitationes enim istae ita res ipsas attingunt, easdemque pervadunt, ut quaenam eae sint, penitius per hoc cernere detur.ita … ut "so … that" brings a result clause with the subjunctive. Such thoughts "reach the things themselves and go right through them": they touch the thing as it is, not the show around it. easdem "the same" simply means "them".
• VI.20 cavemus tamen nobis ab eo quantum possumus, sed nec tanquam ab hoste, aut tanquam suspicaces, verum ita, ut animo pacato declinemus tantum.ita … ut with the subjunctive: "in such a way that". declinare is "to turn aside": we simply step out of his way, and do it with a calm mind (animo pacato, an ablative of manner).
• VI.46 Quemadmodum afficere te solent ea quae in theatro locisque ejusmodi repraesentantur, ut eadem semper uniformiter exhibita, spectandi satietatem pariant: eodem modo et in vita tota sis affectus.ut with the subjunctive pariant "they produce" is a clause of result: the shows affect you in such a way that they breed weariness. eadem "the same" and exhibita "shown" agree with the shows, neuter plural: "being shown always the same". spectandi "of watching" is a gerund in the genitive, depending on satietatem "a surfeit, being sick of".
• VII.9 Omnia sunt sibi invicem implexa, et vinculo quodam sacro sibi invicem sic devincta, ut nihil alterum ab altero sit alienum.sic … ut "so … that" brings a result clause, with the subjunctive sit. alienus ab "foreign to, a stranger to" takes ab and the ablative. nihil alterum ab altero "nothing, one from another": alter … alter sets each thing against every other, so the clause means "no one thing is a stranger to another".
• VII.24 ubi ei saepius assueverit quis, immori solet; vultusque decor ita inde extinguitur, ut denuo reaccendi omnino nequeat.ita … ut with the subjunctive is a result clause: "so put out … that it cannot be kindled again at all". The image is of a flame: extinguere "to put out", reaccendere "to light again". inde "from that" means "as a result of the habit".
• VII.24 Siquidem enim ita vultum quis obfirmaverit, ut peccati sensus omnis aufugerit, quorsum homo sic affectus vitam protrahat amplius?ita … ut again marks a result: "so … that all sense of wrongdoing has fled". peccati sensus is "the awareness of doing wrong": an objective genitive, naming what is sensed.
• VII.27 cave tamen interim, ne, dum istis lubenter acquiescis, eo in pretio habere assuescas te, ut siquando deesse contigerit, turberis.The result clause: "that, if ever it should happen (that they are) missing, you would be upset". contingit with an infinitive is "it happens (to be …)"; contigerit is subjunctive because it stands inside a subjunctive clause. turberis is passive, "you are thrown into confusion".
• VII.28 mens etenim rationalis ita est natura comparata, ut sibi sufficiat ipsa juste agens, et hoc ipso nacta sibi tranquillitatem.ita comparatus is "so made, so constituted", with natura "by nature". ita … ut with the subjunctive is a result clause: "so made that it is sufficient for itself". This is the Stoic self-sufficiency of the mind: it needs nothing outside itself to be at peace.
• VII.40 Spicas velut frugiferas, sic vitam meti: Ut hic sit, ille non sit.The capital marks a new line of verse. ut with the subjunctive gives the result: "so that this one is, that one is not". hic … ille "this one … that one" means "one … another": one man lives on, another is cut down, like stalks under the sickle.
• VII.67 Non ita commisit natura compagem tui, ut tibi nequeas terminos figere, et quae tui sunt muneris per te exequi.ita … ut with the subjunctive is a result clause: "not in such a way … that you cannot". terminos figere "to fix boundary stones" is "to set bounds"; tibi "for yourself": to mark out what is yours and what is not.
• VII.68 ut judicium occurrenti ac irruenti rei cuivis dicat, Hoc es revera, etiamsi opinione aliusmodi esse videaris. usus dicat eidem, Te quaerebam.ut with the subjunctive gives the result of the mind's calm, carrying on from the question before: "so that the judgement says …". The same ut governs the second dicat, which follows Gataker's full stop without a fresh ut: the Greek has one clause with two verbs.
• VIII.6 usitata sunt omnia, ut metuendum non sit, nequid novi emergat.
• VIII.8 Adeo es illiteratus, ut nec legere possis.adeo "to such a degree, so" looks ahead to ut, which here is "that" of result: "so unlettered that…". A result clause takes the subjunctive (possis), though English uses a plain statement: "that you cannot". nec here means "not even", like ne … quidem.
• VIII.23 Facio quicquam? ita facio, ut ad homines juvandos referam.
• VIII.23 contingit mihi quicquam? ita excipio, ut ad Deos referam, fontemque rerum omnium, a quo, quaecunque fiunt, ordine praestituto derivantur.
• VIII.33 Sic accipe, ne fastuosus fias; sic posside, ut dimittere proclivis sis.The second half matches the first: sic … ut "in such a way that". proclivis "sloping downhill", hence "inclined, ready", here takes an infinitive: dimittere proclivis "ready to let go". Neither half names its object: whatever fortune gives, which it can also take back.
• VIII.45 num hoc tanti est, ut hac de caussa anima mea male se habeat, ac deterior fiat, dum deprimitur, extenditur, confunditur, consternatur.num asks a question that expects "no". tanti is a genitive of value, "of so much (worth)": hoc tanti est "this is worth so much". The ut clause says how much: "so much that …", a clause of result with the subjunctive. hoc "this" is being picked up and thrown somewhere else, a mere change of place.
• VIII.50 adeo ut nec materia extranea opus habeat, nec quo putrefacta projiciat, desideret.adeo ut "so much so that" introduces a result clause; its verbs habeat and desideret are subjunctive.
• IX.3 ut dicere liceat, Propere accedas o mors; nequando etiam ipse obliviscar mei.ut with the subjunctive gives the result of all that precedes: "so that one may well say". licet "it is allowed" takes the infinitive dicere as its subject.
• IX.9 ad terram mole sua fertur terrestre quodvis; in idem confluit humidum omne; et aereum itidem quodcunque. ut necesse sit vi aliqua intercludi ea, id ne faciant.ut with the subjunctive sit gives the result, although Gataker sets a full stop before it: "so that it is necessary that they be shut off by some force". necesse sit takes an accusative and infinitive, intercludi ea. Then ne faciant "so that they do not do it" gives the purpose of the shutting off; id "it", the flowing together, is set in front of ne for weight.
• IX.9 cum omni vero, qui istic est, igni adeo simul accendi proclivis est, ut materia omnis siccior paulo incendi prompta admodum sit, eo quod minus sibi admixtum habeat, quod incendium prohibeat.adeo … ut "so … that" introduces a result, with sit in the subjunctive. paulo "by a little" goes with the comparative siccior: "all matter that is a little drier" catches fire very easily.
• IX.24 Puerulorum rixae, et ludicra; et animulae cadavera gestantes; ut vehementius afficiat quod in Mortualibus exhibetur.ut with the subjunctive gives the result of what has just been said, "so that", though no ita or tam prepares for it. afficiat "it affects, strikes" has no object expressed: supply "us" or "one". Its subject is the whole clause quod in mortualibus exhibetur "what is shown in the scene of the dead".
• IX.28 vel semel operi se admovit; reliqua vero per consequentiam necessariam a primis illis ita profluunt, ut serie quadam continua unum quiddam constituant.ita … ut "in such a way … that" with the subjunctive gives a result: the later things flow from the first so that they make up unum quiddam "one single thing". serie quadam continua "in a kind of unbroken chain" is an ablative of manner; quidam "a certain" softens a figure of speech, "a kind of".
• IX.41 sed nec medicis ita praebebam me, ut efferrent sese, quasi magni quid agerent. sed vita mihi etiam tunc quam optime agebatur.ita … ut "in such a way … that" gives a result, with the subjunctive efferrent. se praebere with a dative is "to offer oneself to, put oneself in the hands of". efferre "to lift up" with a reflexive object, efferrent sese, is "to puff themselves up, give themselves airs": Epicurus never let his doctors feel important.
• X.1 ecquando ita affecta futura es, quo cum Deis hominibusque ita verseris, ut nec eos quicquam insimules, neque ab eis ipsa condemneris?ita … ut "in such a way … that" brings in a result clause with the subjunctive. insimulare "to accuse, find fault with" takes the person in the accusative (eos, gods and men); quicquam is an accusative of the charge, "in anything at all". So: "that you neither blame them for anything …".
• X.3 Quicquid contingit, vel ita contingit, ut id ferre natus sis, vel ut non sis.ita … ut "in such a way that" brings in a result clause in the subjunctive. natus sis is the perfect subjunctive of the deponent nascor "be born": "that you have been born", i.e. "that you are made by nature". natus with an infinitive, "born to", is a usage of later Latin: ferre natus "born to bear". In vel ut non sis the participle and the infinitive are understood: "or that you are not (born to bear it)".
• X.3 si contingit ita, ut ferre natus sis, ne gravatim te habeas, sed prout natus es, feras.
• X.3 sin ita contingat, ut ferre non natus sis, nec sic quidem graveris; ubi enim te absumpserit, et ipsum concidet.
• X.7 nunquid autem dicemus, aut naturam ipsam instituisse partes suas malo afficere, et ita condidisse, ut in malum incidere non nata tantum essent, sed in malum etiam necessario inciderent?ita … ut "in such a way that" gives the result. natus with an infinitive means "born to, made by nature to": in malum incidere nata "born to fall into evil", liable to it. non tantum … sed etiam "not only … but also". nata is neuter though partes is feminine: Gataker thinks of the parts as "things", as the Greek word for them is neuter.
• X.7 ut et ista in universi rationem redigantur, sive illud certo temporis spatio revoluto deflagret, sive vicissitudinibus perpetuis jugiter renovetur.ut with the subjunctive gives the result: "so that these too are taken back into the reason of the universe". ista are the elements just named. ratio renders the Greek logos: the rational order that makes all things and takes their matter back to make new ones.
• X.9 oportet autem unumquodque ita et considerare et agere, ut et activa facultas consummetur, et contemplativa simul exerceatur, et fiducia ex certa rei cujusque scientia orta servetur, latens quidem, nec abscondita tamen.oportet "it is necessary" names no person; its subject is the pair of infinitives considerare et agere, so "one must consider and do". ita … ut "in such a way … that" introduces a clause of result with three subjunctives, each opened by et: consummetur, exerceatur, servetur.
• X.24 nunquid carunculae ita agglutinata et permixta, ut cum illa mutetur una?ita … ut "so … that" introduces a result clause with the subjunctive. caruncula "a little piece of flesh" is a scornful diminutive of caro, the body; it is dative after the compound participles: "glued on to, mixed in with the poor flesh". cum illa … una "together with it": una is the adverb "together", with a long a, not the numeral. mutetur is passive with a reflexive sense, "changes": does the mind shift with every change of the body?
• X.33 ante ingemiscere non desinas, quam eo te adegeris, ut quod voluptuariis hominibus est luxu diffluere, hoc tibi fuerit de subjecta quaque oblata tibi materia ea facere, quae humanae constitutioni conveniant.adigere eo, ut "to drive to the point that": the adverb eo "thither, to that point" is answered by the result clause ut … fuerit. adegeris, with te "yourself" as object, is a perfect subjunctive, as usual with antequam for something not yet achieved.
• X.33 atqui in aliis quidem operibus omnibus ita se habet, ut quicquid alicui horum mali contigerit, deterius illud faciat, quod eo afficitur.ita se habet "it stands so, the case is so", followed by a result clause with ut and the subjunctive faciat: "it is so that whatever evil befalls any of them makes … worse". quidem prepares the contrast that comes with istic vero "but here".
• X.36 Nemo quisquam adeo felix est, cui morienti non adstabunt aliqui, qui praesenti laetentur malo.adeo "so" looks forward to a result, given here by a relative clause: cui … non adstabunt "by whom … will not stand" means "that there will not stand by him". Classical Latin would put such a clause in the subjunctive (adstent); Gataker uses the future indicative, stating it as plain fact. nemo quisquam "no one at all" doubles the negative for force.
• XI.1 sed in quacunque parte, et ubicunque deprehensa fuerit, quod praecessit plenum prorsus et perfectum sibi facit: ut dicere liceat, Ego quae mea sunt, omnia habeo.
• XI.3 ita paratam dico, ut a judicio peculiari promptitudo haec profluat, non ab obstinatione mera, pro Christianorum more:
• XI.3 ut mortem obeas considerate, composite, citra tumultum, quo et aliis idem suadere possis.
• XI.13 interius enim ita affectum esse oportet, ut ipsi Dii videant, hominem esse te, qui nihil quicquam indigne aegreve ferat.ita … ut "so … that" gives the result, with the subjunctive videant; videant introduces an accusative and infinitive: hominem esse te "that you are a man (who …)". Dii is a nominative plural of deus.
• XI.15 talem plane virum simplicem bonumque oportet esse, qualis is qui hircum olet; ut qui astiterit, simulac accesserit, velit, nolit ipse, protinus persentiscat.ut with the subjunctive gives the result of being such a man: "so that … perceives it at once". Its subject is the clause qui astiterit "whoever has stood near", which has no antecedent. astiterit and accesserit are perfect subjunctives because they stand inside the ut clause: "has stood by", "has come close". simulac is simul ac "as soon as".
• XI.15 vir bonus, simplex, benevolus ita in oculis gerit haec, ut neutiquam lateat.ita … ut with the subjunctive is a clause of result: "so … that". haec "these things" are the qualities just named, goodness, simplicity and kindness, carried in oculis "in his eyes" like the lover's feelings above. lateo is "lie hidden, go unnoticed": the good man cannot hide what he is.
• XI.18 neque animo quasi attacto et exulcerato, neque tanquam in schola, neque ut astanti alicui sis admirationi, sed ita semper, ut cum solo agas, etiamsi alii forsan circumstiterint nonnulli.ita … ut "in such a way that" with the subjunctive. cum aliquo agere is "deal with someone"; solo "(him) alone".
• XI.37 et conatus ita cohibendos esse, ut cum exceptione fiant, ut societatis jus spectent, ut pro rei cujusque dignitate adhibeantur.Still reported after monebat: "and that impulses must be so checked that …". ita … ut "in such a way that" is followed by three ut clauses, each with the subjunctive, giving three conditions. conatus are the impulses to act (the Greek "hormai").
• XII.3 denique quaecunque externa rerum vertigo jugis volvit, ita ut mens tua rebus fato obvenientibus exempta, pura ac libera apud se vivat, justa faciens, destinata volens, ac vera proloquens.ita ut with the subjunctive gives the result of the separation: "so that your mind may live …". pura ac libera are predicates agreeing with mens: it lives pure and free. apud se "by itself, at home with itself", depending on nothing outside. rebus fato obvenientibus exempta "freed from the things that come by fate": exempta takes an ablative of separation.
• XII.29 quid enim superest, nisi vita frui, bonum bono ita adnectendo, ut ne minimum quidem intervallum bono vacuum relinquatur.ita … ut "in such a way that" brings a result clause, with the subjunctive relinquatur. Its subject is ne minimum quidem intervallum "not even the smallest gap"; vacuum "empty" takes an ablative of separation, bono "of good".