Отрицание: not, no, never, neither … nor

В английском предложении отрицание одно: либо not при глаголе, либо отрицательное слово (no, never, nothing, nobody). По-русски при переводе добавляют «не» и к глаголу: Scrooge never painted out «Скрудж так и не закрасил».

Примеры

• Scrooge never painted out Old Marley’s name. 1.2Скрудж так и не закрасил имя старого Марли.
• No warmth could warm, no wintry weather chill him. 1.3Никакое тепло не могло его согреть, никакая зимняя стужа — остудить.
• Nobody ever stopped him in the street 1.3Никто никогда не останавливал его на улице
• No, nor did he believe it even now. 1.18Нет, он не поверил этому даже теперь.
• the Spirit neither spoke nor moved 4.1Дух не говорил и не двигался

В тексте 243

• I.1 There is no doubt whatever about that.
• I.1 Mind! I don’t mean to say that I know, of my own knowledge, what there is particularly dead about a door-nail.
• I.2 There is no doubt that Marley was dead.
• I.2 This must be distinctly understood, or nothing wonderful can come of the story I am going to relate.При словах nothing, something, anything прилагательное ставится после них: nothing wonderful — «ничего чудесного». В английском предложении одно отрицание, поэтому глагол без not: nothing can come — «ничего не может выйти». come of — «получиться из чего-то».
• I.2 there would be nothing more remarkable in his taking a stroll at night, in an easterly wind, upon his own ramparts,
• I.2 Scrooge never painted out Old Marley’s name.
• I.2 Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire;
• I.2 he iced his office in the dog-days; and didn’t thaw it one degree at Christmas.
• I.3 No warmth could warm, no wintry weather chill him.Отрицание в английском предложении одно: no при подлежащем, а глагол стоит в утвердительной форме, где по-русски «никакое… не могло». warmth и warm — однокоренные слова рядом: «тепло не могло согреть».
• I.3 No wind that blew was bitterer than he, no falling snow was more intent upon its purpose, no pelting rain less open to entreaty.
• I.3 Foul weather didn’t know where to have him.
• I.3 They often “came down” handsomely, and Scrooge never did.
• I.3 Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, “My dear Scrooge, how are you?Отрицание одно: оно в nobody, поэтому дальше стоит ever, а не never, и глагол без not. По-русски отрицаний три: «никто никогда не останавливал».
• I.3 No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o’clock,
• I.3 no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge.ever once при отрицательном подлежащем (no man or woman) — «ни разу»; in all his life — «за всю его жизнь».
• I.3 and then would wag their tails as though they said, “No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark master!”
• I.5 “You don’t mean that, I am sure?”
• I.5 Scrooge having no better answer ready on the spur of the moment, said, “Bah!” again; and followed it up with “Humbug.”
• I.6 “But you don’t keep it.”
• I.6 And therefore, uncle, though it has never put a scrap of gold or silver in my pocket,
• I.7 “I wonder you don’t go into Parliament.”
• I.7 “Nay, uncle, but you never came to see me before that happened.
• I.7 “I want nothing from you; I ask nothing of you; why cannot we be friends?”Отрицание заключено в nothing, поэтому глагол стоит без not: I want nothing = I don’t want anything. Форма с nothing звучит твёрже и торжественнее.
• I.7 We have never had any quarrel, to which I have been a party.
• I.8 “We have no doubt his liberality is well represented by his surviving partner,” said the gentleman, presenting his credentials.
• I.8 “Are there no prisons?” asked Scrooge.
• I.9 Still,” returned the gentleman, “I wish I could say they were not.”
• I.9 “Under the impression that they scarcely furnish Christian cheer of mind or body to the multitude,” returned the gentleman,
• I.9 “Nothing!” Scrooge replied.
• I.9 I don’t make merry myself at Christmas and I can’t afford to make idle people merry.
• I.9 Besides—excuse me—I don’t know that.”
• I.10 “It’s enough for a man to understand his own business, and not to interfere with other people’s.
• I.11 “God bless you, merry gentleman! / May nothing you dismay!”
• I.11 “It’s not convenient,” said Scrooge, “and it’s not fair.
• I.11 “And yet,” said Scrooge, “you don’t think me ill-used, when I pay a day’s wages for no work.”«Ни за какую работу», то есть даром. Отрицание выражено словом no, глагол остаётся утвердительным: I pay … for no work.
• I.12 The office was closed in a twinkling, and the clerk, with the long ends of his white comforter dangling below his waist (for he boasted no great-coat),
• I.12 where it had so little business to be, that one could scarcely help fancying it must have run there when it was a young house,
• I.12 It was old enough now, and dreary enough, for nobody lived in it but Scrooge, the other rooms being all let out as offices.for — союз «ибо». but после nobody, nothing, all — предлог «кроме»: nobody but Scrooge — «никто, кроме Скруджа». При nobody глагол стоит без not.
• I.13 Now, it is a fact, that there was nothing at all particular about the knocker on the door, except that it was very large.at all усиливает отрицание: «совсем ничего». Прилагательное при nothing, something, anything ставится после него: nothing particular — «ничего особенного».
• I.14 But there was nothing on the back of the door, except the screws and nuts that held the knocker on,
• I.15 Nobody under the table, nobody under the sofa; a small fire in the grate; spoon and basin ready;
• I.16 It was a very low fire indeed; nothing on such a bitter night.
• I.16 It swung so softly in the outset that it scarcely made a sound; but soon it rang out loudly, and so did every bell in the house.
• I.18 Scrooge had often heard it said that Marley had no bowels, but he had never believed it until now.
• I.18 No, nor did he believe it even now.
• I.18 “Much!”—Marley’s voice, no doubt about it.
• I.18 Scrooge asked the question, because he didn’t know whether a ghost so transparent might find himself in a condition to take a chair;
• I.18 “You don’t believe in me,” observed the Ghost.
• I.19 “I don’t know,” said Scrooge.
• I.19 Scrooge was not much in the habit of cracking jokes, nor did he feel, in his heart, by any means waggish then.
• I.20 and if that spirit goes not forth in life, it is condemned to do so after death.
• I.20 It is doomed to wander through the world—oh, woe is me!—and witness what it cannot share, but might have shared on earth, and turned to happiness!”
• I.21 but he could see nothing.Отрицание в английском предложении одно: оно уже в nothing, поэтому глагол без not. could see — «видел, мог разглядеть»: с глаголами see, hear английский охотно ставит can.
• I.21 “I have none to give,” the Ghost replied.none заменяет no с существительным: I have none = I have no comfort, «у меня его нет». Инфинитив после него служит определением: «(утешения), которое я мог бы дать».
• I.21 Nor can I tell you what I would.
• I.21 I cannot rest, I cannot stay, I cannot linger anywhere.Отрицание от can пишется в одно слово: cannot (в разговоре can’t). Тройной повтор I cannot звучит как заклятие: призраку нет покоя.
• I.21 My spirit never walked beyond our counting-house—mark me!—in life my spirit never roved beyond the narrow limits of our money-changing hole;never уже содержит отрицание, поэтому глагол стоит без not. rove — книжное «странствовать, бродить без цели».
• I.22 “No rest, no peace.
• I.22 Not to know that no space of regret can make amends for one life’s opportunity misused!space здесь — промежуток времени, срок (сегодня чаще a space of time). Отрицание заключено в no, глагол без not: «никакой срок раскаяния не может».
• I.23 and never raise them to that blessed Star which led the Wise Men to a poor abode!
• I.23 Were there no poor homes to which its light would have conducted me!”
• I.24 “That is no light part of my penance,” pursued the Ghost.no перед прилагательным с существительным сильнее, чем not a: «отнюдь не лёгкая», то есть тяжёлая часть. light здесь «лёгкий», а не «светлый».
• I.24 Look to see me no more;
• I.25 When they were within two paces of each other, Marley’s Ghost held up its hand, warning him to come no nearer.
• I.25 some few (they might be guilty governments) were linked together; none were free.none — «ни один, никто» — уже несёт отрицание, поэтому not при глаголе нет. Глагол после него бывает и в единственном, и во множественном числе; здесь were.
• II.1 WHEN Scrooge awoke, it was so dark, that looking out of bed, he could scarcely distinguish the transparent window from the opaque walls of his chamber.scarcely, как и hardly, значит «едва, почти не» и само несёт отрицание, поэтому not при нём не нужно: «едва мог отличить».
• II.1 and that there was no noise of people running to and fro, and making a great stir,
• II.1 would have become a mere United States’ security if there were no days to count by.
• II.2 Scrooge went to bed again, and thought, and thought, and thought it over and over and over, and could make nothing of it.
• II.2 and the more he endeavoured not to think, the more he thought.Отрицание инфинитива: not ставится перед to. «Старался не думать» — не то же, что did not endeavour to think «не старался думать».
• II.3 Not the curtains at his feet, nor the curtains at his back, but those to which his face was addressed.Неполное предложение без сказуемого: оно уточняет предыдущее. not … nor … but — «не …, и не …, а». those стоит вместо the curtains, чтобы не повторять слово в третий раз.
• II.3 and yet the face had not a wrinkle in it, and the tenderest bloom was on the skin.not a + существительное значит «ни одного»: «на лице не было ни единой морщины». Отрицание без did (had not, а не did not have) — старый книжный порядок.
• II.4 of which dissolving parts, no outline would be visible in the dense gloom wherein they melted away.
• II.5 Scrooge expressed himself much obliged, but could not help thinking that a night of unbroken rest would have been more conducive to that end.
• II.5 The grasp, though gentle as a woman’s hand, was not to be resisted.
• II.5 Not a vestige of it was to be seen.not a + существительное — усиленное отрицание: «ни единого». vestige — книжное «след, остаток».
• II.6 until a little market-town appeared in the distance, with its bridge, its church, and winding river.После until нет отрицания, а по-русски оно нужно: «пока не показался».
• II.7 “They have no consciousness of us.”
• II.7 Nor was it more retentive of its ancient state, within;
• II.8 Not a latent echo in the house, not a squeak and scuffle from the mice behind the panelling,Начало очень длинного предложения, которое мы читаем по частям. Его каркас: Not a (sound) … but fell upon the heart of Scrooge, «не было ни одного (звука), который не пал бы на сердце Скруджа». Шесть раз повторено not a, и только в конце придёт сказуемое.
• II.8 but fell upon the heart of Scrooge with a softening influence, and gave a freer passage to his tears.
• II.9 but how all this was brought about, Scrooge knew no more than you do.
• II.10 “and are never to come back here;
• II.11 who answered that he thanked the gentleman, but if it was the same tap as he had tasted before, he had rather not.
• II.13 “No more work to-night.
• II.13 There was nothing they wouldn’t have cleared away, or couldn’t have cleared away, with old Fezziwig looking on.
• II.14 all top couples at last, and not a bottom one to help them!
• II.14 But scorning rest, upon his reappearance, he instantly began again, though there were no dancers yet,
• II.15 three or four and twenty pair of partners; people who were not to be trifled with;
• II.15 people who would dance, and had no notion of walking.
• II.16 It was not until now, when the bright faces of his former self and Dick were turned from them, that he remembered the Ghost,
• II.17 This was not addressed to Scrooge, or to any one whom he could see, but it produced an immediate effect.
• II.17 His face had not the harsh and rigid lines of later years;
• II.18 I have no just cause to grieve.”
• II.18 “There is nothing on which it is so hard as poverty;
• II.19 “Your own feeling tells you that you were not what you are,” she returned.
• II.19 But he said with a struggle, “You think not.”
• II.19 do I not know that your repentance and regret would surely follow?
• II.20 “Spirit!” said Scrooge, “show me no more!Отрицание выражено словом no, поэтому при глаголе нет don’t: «не показывайте мне больше (ничего)». Говорит уже старый Скрудж, который смотрел на эту сцену рядом с Духом.
• II.20 “No more!” cried Scrooge. “No more.
• II.20 I don’t wish to see it.
• II.20 Show me no more!”
• II.21 and, unlike the celebrated herd in the poem, they were not forty children conducting themselves like one, but every child was conducting itself like forty.
• II.21 The consequences were uproarious beyond belief; but no one seemed to care;
• II.21 Though I never could have been so rude, no, no!
• II.21 I should have expected my arm to have grown round it for a punishment, and never come straight again.
• II.21 to have looked upon the lashes of her downcast eyes, and never raised a blush;
• II.23 and as it was not shut up, and he had a candle inside, I could scarcely help seeing him.
• II.23 “That they are what they are, do not blame me!”
• II.23 “Remove me!” Scrooge exclaimed, “I cannot bear it!”
• II.23 Haunt me no longer!”«Больше не». Отрицание заключено в no, поэтому при глаголе нет not: Haunt me no longer = Do not haunt me any longer.
• II.23 In the struggle, if that can be called a struggle in which the Ghost with no visible resistance on its own part was undisturbed by any effort of its adversary,
• III.1 Scrooge had no occasion to be told that the bell was again upon the stroke of One.
• III.1 For he wished to challenge the Spirit on the moment of its appearance, and did not wish to be taken by surprise, and made nervous.
• III.1 between which opposite extremes, no doubt, there lies a tolerably wide and comprehensive range of subjects.
• III.1 and that nothing between a baby and rhinoceros would have astonished him very much.
• III.2 Now, being prepared for almost anything, he was not by any means prepared for nothing;not by any means — «никоим образом, отнюдь не». Здесь два отрицания (not и nothing), и оба в силе: «не был готов к „ничему“», то есть к тому, что вообще никто не явится. Игра на паре anything — nothing.
• III.2 and, consequently, when the Bell struck One, and no shape appeared, he was taken with a violent fit of trembling.no перед существительным уже отрицает всё предложение: «никакой образ не появился». shape — «очертание, фигура»; так часто говорят о призраке.
• III.2 Five minutes, ten minutes, a quarter of an hour went by, yet nothing came.
• III.3 There was no doubt about that.
• III.3 who bore a glowing torch, in shape not unlike Plenty’s horn, and held it up, high up, to shed its light on Scrooge, as he came peeping round the door.
• III.3 He was not the dogged Scrooge he had been; and though the Spirit’s eyes were clear and kind, he did not like to meet them.
• III.4 and on its head it wore no other covering than a holly wreath, set here and there with shining icicles.
• III.4 Girded round its middle was an antique scabbard; but no sword was in it, and the ancient sheath was eaten up with rust.
• III.5 and they stood in the city streets on Christmas morning, where (for the weather was severe) the people made a rough, but brisk and not unpleasant kind of music,Двойное отрицание как сдержанная похвала: «не неприятная», то есть довольно приятная. Приставка un- даёт противоположное значение: pleasant — unpleasant.
• III.5 There was nothing very cheerful in the climate or the town,Определение к nothing, something, anything ставится после них: «ничего особенно весёлого». Отрицание в предложении одно, nothing, поэтому глагол без not.
• III.7 It was not alone that the scales descending on the counter made a merry sound, or that the twine and roller parted company so briskly,
• III.7 Nor was it that the figs were moist and pulpy, or that the French plums blushed in modest tartness from their highly-decorated boxes, or that everything was good to eat and in its Christmas dress;
• III.11 And Martha warn’t as late last Christmas Day by half-an-hour?”
• III.11 “Not coming,” said Mrs. Cratchit.
• III.12 Martha didn’t like to see him disappointed, if it were only in joke;
• III.14 There never was such a goose.
• III.14 Bob said he didn’t believe there ever was such a goose cooked.
• III.15 Everybody had something to say about it, but nobody said or thought it was at all a small pudding for a large family.Отрицание в английском одно, и оно уже в nobody; поэтому дальше or, а не nor, и глаголы без not. По-русски: «никто не сказал и не подумал».
• III.16 “Spirit,” said Scrooge, with an interest he had never felt before, “tell me if Tiny Tim will live.”
• III.16 “If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, none other of my race,” returned the Ghost, “will find him here.none other — книжное «никто другой». race — не «раса» и не «гонка», а «род, племя»: Дух говорит о своих братьях, духах будущих рождественских праздников. Тот, кто придёт через год, Тима уже не застанет.
• III.17 Nobody knows it better than you do, poor fellow!”В английском предложении одно отрицание: nobody knows — «никто не знает», без второго not.
• III.17 He’ll be very merry and very happy, I have no doubt!”
• III.17 It was the first of their proceedings which had no heartiness.
• III.17 Tiny Tim drank it last of all, but he didn’t care twopence for it.
• III.19 There was nothing of high mark in this.
• III.20 you might have thought that no one was at home to give them welcome when they got there,
• III.20 and nothing grew but moss and furze, and coarse rank grass.nothing … but — «ничего, кроме»: but после nothing, all, nobody — предлог «кроме».
• III.21 The Spirit did not tarry here, but bade Scrooge hold his robe, and passing on above the moor, sped—whither?
• III.23 that while there is infection in disease and sorrow, there is nothing in the world so irresistibly contagious as laughter and good-humour.
• III.24 Bless those women; they never do anything by halves.
• III.24 With a dimpled, surprised-looking, capital face; a ripe little mouth, that seemed made to be kissed—as no doubt it was;
• III.24 However, his offences carry their own punishment, and I have nothing to say against him.”
• III.24 “His wealth is of no use to him.
• III.24 He don’t do any good with it.
• III.24 He don’t make himself comfortable with it.
• III.24 He hasn’t the satisfaction of thinking—ha, ha, ha!—that he is ever going to benefit US with it.”
• III.24 “I have no patience with him,” observed Scrooge’s niece.
• III.24 He don’t lose much of a dinner.”
• III.25 “Well! I’m very glad to hear it,” said Scrooge’s nephew, “because I haven’t great faith in these young housekeepers.Смысловой have «иметь» отрицается здесь без do: I haven’t = I don’t have. Так говорили в Британии во времена Диккенса, встречается это и теперь. have faith in — «верить в кого-то, полагаться на кого-то».
• III.25 for he answered that a bachelor was a wretched outcast, who had no right to express an opinion on the subject.
• III.25 “He never finishes what he begins to say!
• III.26 that he loses some pleasant moments, which could do him no harm.
• III.27 especially Topper, who could growl away in the bass like a good one, and never swell the large veins in his forehead, or get red in the face over it.
• III.28 But they didn’t devote the whole evening to music.
• III.28 for it is good to be children sometimes, and never better than at Christmas, when its mighty Founder was a child himself.
• III.28 She often cried out that it wasn’t fair; and it really was not.
• III.28 when, in spite of all her silken rustlings, and her rapid flutterings past him, he got her into a corner whence there was no escape;
• III.28 For his pretending not to know her;
• III.29 for wholly forgetting in the interest he had in what was going on, that his voice made no sound in their ears,
• III.30 and wasn’t made a show of, and wasn’t led by anybody, and didn’t live in a menagerie, and was never killed in a market,
• III.30 and was not a horse, or an ass, or a cow, or a bull, or a tiger, or a dog, or a pig, or a cat, or a bear.После отрицания or соответствует русскому «ни»: «не лошадь, не осёл, не корова…». ass — старое название осла; теперь говорят donkey.
• III.31 “He has given us plenty of merriment, I am sure,” said Fred, “and it would be ungrateful not to drink his health.
• III.31 In almshouse, hospital, and jail, in misery’s every refuge, where vain man in his little brief authority had not made fast the door, and barred the Spirit out,
• III.32 Scrooge had observed this change, but never spoke of it, until they left a children’s Twelfth Night party,
• III.33 No change, no degradation, no perversion of humanity, in any grade, through all the mysteries of wonderful creation, has monsters half so horrible and dread.Отрицание выражено только словом no при подлежащих, глагол стоит в утвердительной форме: в английском предложении одно отрицание. По-русски: «никакая перемена… не имеет».
• III.33 Scrooge could say no more.no more — «больше ничего, больше не»: отрицание заключено в no, глагол остаётся утвердительным.
• III.33 “Have they no refuge or resource?” cried Scrooge.
• III.33 “Are there no prisons?” said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words.
• III.33 “Are there no workhouses?”
• III.33 Scrooge looked about him for the Ghost, and saw it not.
• IV.1 It was shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible save one outstretched hand.
• IV.1 He knew no more, for the Spirit neither spoke nor moved.Дословно «знал не больше», то есть «больше ничего не знал»: no more = nothing more.neither … nor — «ни … ни». В английском предложении одно отрицание, поэтому глаголы стоят без not; по-русски «не говорил и не двигался».
• IV.1 The Spirit answered not, but pointed onward with its hand.
• IV.1 and he found that he could hardly stand when he prepared to follow it.
• IV.2 while he, though he stretched his own to the utmost, could see nothing but a spectral hand and one great heap of black.but после nothing — предлог «кроме»: «ничего, кроме». Отрицание одно, поэтому could see без not.
• IV.2 It gave him no reply.
• IV.2 They scarcely seemed to enter the city;scarcely — «едва ли, почти не»: «казалось, что они вряд ли и входили». enter требует дополнения без предлога: enter the city, не enter in.
• IV.3 “No,” said a great fat man with a monstrous chin, “I don’t know much about it, either way.
• IV.3 “for upon my life I don’t know of anybody to go to it.
• IV.3 “I don’t mind going if a lunch is provided,” observed the gentleman with the excrescence on his nose.
• IV.3 “for I never wear black gloves, and I never eat lunch.never само несёт отрицание, поэтому глагол стоит без not: I never wear, «я никогда не ношу».
• IV.3 When I come to think of it, I’m not at all sure that I wasn’t his most particular friend;Два отрицания подряд: «вовсе не уверен, что не был», то есть «пожалуй, как раз и был». not at all: «вовсе не».
• IV.4 Nor could he think of any one immediately connected with himself, to whom he could apply them.
• IV.5 he saw no likeness of himself among the multitudes that poured in through the Porch.Отрицание выражено словом no при существительном, а глагол стоит без not: «не увидел никакого подобия себя», то есть никого, похожего на него.
• IV.5 where Scrooge had never penetrated before, although he recognised its situation, and its bad repute.
• IV.6 who was no less startled by the sight of them, than they had been upon the recognition of each other.
• IV.7 and I’m sure there’s no such old bones here, as mine.
• IV.7 “No man more so.”
• IV.8 I’m not afraid to be the first, nor afraid for them to see it.nor после отрицания продолжает его: «и не (боюсь) также».
• IV.8 It’s no sin.no перед существительным сильнее, чем not a: «вовсе не грех», «никакой не грех».
• IV.8 A seal or two, a pencil-case, a pair of sleeve-buttons, and a brooch of no great value, were all.
• IV.8 and added them up into a total when he found there was nothing more to come.
• IV.9 “That’s your account,” said Joe, “and I wouldn’t give another sixpence, if I was to be boiled for not doing it.
• IV.9 “You don’t mean to say you took ’em down, rings and all, with him lying there?” said Joe.
• IV.10 “He isn’t likely to take cold without ’em, I dare say.”
• IV.10 “I hope he didn’t die of anything catching?
• IV.10 but you won’t find a hole in it, nor a threadbare place.
• IV.10 he viewed them with a detestation and disgust, which could hardly have been greater,
• IV.12 But of the loved, revered, and honoured head, thou canst not turn one hair to thy dread purposes, or make one feature odious.make + дополнение + прилагательное: «сделать черту отвратительной». Отрицание not относится к обоим глаголам (turn … or make), по-русски «ни…, ни».
• IV.12 No voice pronounced these words in Scrooge’s ears, and yet he heard them when he looked upon the bed.Отрицание в английском одно, и оно в no: глагол остаётся утвердительным. По-русски их два: «никакой голос не произносил».
• IV.12 He lay, in the dark empty house, with not a man, a woman, or a child,not a + существительное — усиленное «ни одного». with вводит сопутствующее обстоятельство: «и при нём ни мужчины, ни женщины, ни ребёнка», которые могли бы сказать… (инфинитив to say — в следующей части).
• IV.12 What they wanted in the room of death, and why they were so restless and disturbed, Scrooge did not dare to think.
• IV.13 But I have not the power, Spirit.Старое отрицание при have без do: сейчас скажут I don’t have the power. power здесь «сила, способность» сделать это: у Скруджа не хватает духу.
• IV.13 and when she asked him faintly what news (which was not until after a long silence), he appeared embarrassed how to answer.which относится ко всему сказанному: «что произошло…». not until — «не раньше чем», «лишь»: спросила она только после долгого молчания.
• IV.14 Nothing is past hope, if such a miracle has happened.”
• IV.14 He was not only very ill, but dying, then.”not only … but — «не только …, но и». was служит сразу двум словам: was ill «был болен» и was dying «умирал» (Past Continuous). dying — форма на -ing от die: ie меняется на y.
• IV.16 “and his father loved him so, that it was no trouble: no trouble.
• IV.17 By the bye, how he ever knew that, I don’t know.”
• IV.18 I shouldn’t be at all surprised—mark what I say!—if he got Peter a better situation.”С отрицанием: «совсем не, нисколько».
• IV.18 But however and whenever we part from one another, I am sure we shall none of us forget poor Tiny Tim—shall we—or this first parting that there was among us?”none of us вставлено после we shall и уточняет подлежащее: «мы — никто из нас — не забудем». Отрицание заключено в none, поэтому not нет. shall — будущее время в первом лице.
• IV.19 we shall not quarrel easily among ourselves, and forget poor Tiny Tim in doing it.”
• IV.19 I know it, but I know not how.
• IV.19 indeed, there seemed no order in these latter visions, save that they were in the Future—into the resorts of business men, but showed him not himself.Снова отрицание без do: showed him not = did not show him. himself — «его самого»: Скрудж ищет среди дельцов себя будущего и не находит.
• IV.19 Indeed, the Spirit did not stay for anything, but went straight on, as to the end just now desired, until besought by Scrooge to tarry for a moment.
• IV.20 The inexorable finger underwent no change.Книжный оборот вместо простого did not change: «не претерпел никакой перемены», то есть палец указывал туда же. underwent — прошедшее время от undergo; отрицание выражено словом no перед существительным.
• V.1 “I don’t know what to do!” cried Scrooge, laughing and crying in the same breath;
• V.2 “I don’t know what day of the month it is!” said Scrooge.
• V.2 “I don’t know how long I’ve been among the Spirits.
• V.2 I don’t know anything.В английском предложении одно отрицание: при don’t стоит anything, а не nothing. По-русски два: «ничего не знаю».
• V.2 I don’t care.
• V.2 No fog, no mist; clear, bright, jovial, stirring, cold; cold, piping for the blood to dance to;
• V.4 “He sha’n’t know who sends it.
• V.4 Joe Miller never made such a joke as sending it to Bob’s will be!”
• V.4 “I scarcely ever looked at it before.«Почти никогда», буквально «едва ли когда-либо». scarcely уже несёт отрицание, поэтому not не нужно.
• V.4 He never could have stood upon his legs, that bird.
• V.5 and shaving requires attention, even when you don’t dance while you are at it.
• V.6 “I don’t know what to say to such munifi—”
• V.6 “Don’t say anything, please,” retorted Scrooge.В английском предложении одно отрицание: при don’t стоит anything, а не nothing.
• V.6 He had never dreamed that any walk—that anything—could give him so much happiness.
• V.7 It is a mercy he didn’t shake his arm off.
• V.7 Nothing could be heartier.
• V.8 No Bob.
• V.8 No Bob.
• V.9 and to Tiny Tim, who did NOT die, he was a second father.
• V.9 for he was wise enough to know that nothing ever happened on this globe, for good,В английском предложении одно отрицание: nothing уже отрицает, поэтому дальше ever, а не never. По-русски: «никогда ничего не случалось».
• V.9 at which some people did not have their fill of laughter in the outset;Два отрицания в главном и придаточном дают утверждение: «не бывало ничего доброго, над чем бы кто-то не посмеялся», то есть над всяким добрым делом сначала смеются. Предлог at стоит перед which, потому что смеются at something.
• V.9 He had no further intercourse with Spirits, but lived upon the Total Abstinence Principle, ever afterwards;