Притяжательный падеж: ’s и s’

Окончание ’s после существительного отвечает на вопрос «чей?» и переводится родительным падежом или прилагательным: Scrooge’s name «имя Скруджа». У множественного числа на -s ставится один апостроф: grocers’.

Примеры

• Scrooge’s name was good upon ’Change 1.1имя Скруджа было надёжным на бирже
• Even the blind men’s dogs appeared to know him 1.3Даже собаки слепых, казалось, знали его
• Poulterers’ and grocers’ trades became a splendid joke 1.10Торговля птичников и бакалейщиков превратилась в великолепную шутку
• this nephew of Scrooge’s 1.5этот племянник Скруджа
• when I pay a day’s wages for no work 1.11когда я плачу дневное жалованье ни за что

В тексте 160

• I.1 Scrooge signed it: and Scrooge’s name was good upon ’Change, for anything he chose to put his hand to.
• I.2 The mention of Marley’s funeral brings me back to the point I started from.
• I.2 If we were not perfectly convinced that Hamlet’s Father died before the play began,
• I.2 than there would be in any other middle-aged gentleman rashly turning out after dark in a breezy spot—say Saint Paul’s Churchyard for instance—literally to astonish his son’s weak mind.
• I.2 Scrooge never painted out Old Marley’s name.
• I.3 Even the blind men’s dogs appeared to know him;Собаки-поводыри слепых. У множественного числа без -s (men) притяжательная форма образуется как у единственного: men’s; ср. the clerks’ room, где апостроф стоит после -s.
• I.4 The door of Scrooge’s counting-house was open that he might keep his eye upon his clerk, who in a dismal little cell beyond, a sort of tank, was copying letters.
• I.4 Scrooge had a very small fire, but the clerk’s fire was so very much smaller that it looked like one coal.
• I.5 It was the voice of Scrooge’s nephew, who came upon him so quickly that this was the first intimation he had of his approach.
• I.5 He had so heated himself with rapid walking in the fog and frost, this nephew of Scrooge’s, that he was all in a glow;«Двойной родительный»: и of, и ’s, как в a friend of mine. Подлежащее сначала названо местоимением He, а потом пояснено: «он …, этот племянник Скруджа». Так говорят в живом устном рассказе.
• I.5 “Christmas a humbug, uncle!” said Scrooge’s nephew.
• I.6 “Keep it!” repeated Scrooge’s nephew.
• I.7 “But why?” cried Scrooge’s nephew. “Why?”
• I.8 This lunatic, in letting Scrooge’s nephew out, had let two other people in.
• I.8 They were portly gentlemen, pleasant to behold, and now stood, with their hats off, in Scrooge’s office.
• I.8 “Scrooge and Marley’s, I believe,” said one of the gentlemen, referring to his list.Притяжательный падеж без существительного называет заведение: Scrooge and Marley’s — «(контора, фирма) Скруджа и Марли», как the baker’s «булочная». ’s ставится один раз, после последнего имени. Так фирма названа на вывеске, которую Скрудж не стал менять после смерти компаньона.
• I.10 “It’s enough for a man to understand his own business, and not to interfere with other people’s.
• I.10 Poulterers’ and grocers’ trades became a splendid joke:Притяжательная форма множественного числа: апостроф ставится после -s. poulterer — торговец битой птицей (от poultry), grocer — бакалейщик: чай, сахар, изюм, пряности. Перед Рождеством их лавки были самыми нарядными.
• I.10 The Lord Mayor, in the stronghold of the mighty Mansion House, gave orders to his fifty cooks and butlers to keep Christmas as a Lord Mayor’s household should;
• I.10 stirred up to-morrow’s pudding in his garret, while his lean wife and the baby sallied out to buy the beef.
• I.11 If the good Saint Dunstan had but nipped the Evil Spirit’s nose with a touch of such weather as that, instead of using his familiar weapons,
• I.11 stooped down at Scrooge’s keyhole to regale him with a Christmas carol:
• I.11 “And yet,” said Scrooge, “you don’t think me ill-used, when I pay a day’s wages for no work.”Притяжательный падеж употребляется и с мерами времени: a day’s wages — «дневной заработок», a week’s work — «недельная работа». wages — плата рабочему или служащему, обычно понедельная; слово чаще стоит во множественном числе.
• I.11 “A poor excuse for picking a man’s pocket every twenty-fifth of December!” said Scrooge, buttoning his great-coat to the chin.
• I.12 The yard was so dark that even Scrooge, who knew its every stone, was fain to grope with his hands.Необычный порядок: притяжательное слово перед every. its every stone = every stone of it, «каждый его камень», с ударением на «каждый».
• I.13 Let it also be borne in mind that Scrooge had not bestowed one thought on Marley, since his last mention of his seven years’ dead partner that afternoon.Притяжательный падеж меры времени: seven years’ — «семилетний», как в a moment’s irresolution. Апостроф после s, потому что years во множественном числе. Всё вместе: «компаньон, умерший семь лет назад».
• I.13 how it happened that Scrooge, having his key in the lock of the door, saw in the knocker, without its undergoing any intermediate process of change—not a knocker, but Marley’s face.
• I.13 Marley’s face.
• I.14 He did pause, with a moment’s irresolution, before he shut the door;Притяжательный падеж меры времени: «нерешительность (длиной) в одно мгновение». irresolution: ir- «не» + resolution «решимость».
• I.14 and he did look cautiously behind it first, as if he half expected to be terrified with the sight of Marley’s pigtail sticking out into the hall.
• I.14 Every room above, and every cask in the wine-merchant’s cellars below, appeared to have a separate peal of echoes of its own.
• I.14 Half-a-dozen gas-lamps out of the street wouldn’t have lighted the entry too well, so you may suppose that it was pretty dark with Scrooge’s dip.
• I.16 There were Cains and Abels, Pharaoh’s daughters; Queens of Sheba, Angelic messengers descending through the air on clouds like feather-beds,
• I.16 and yet that face of Marley, seven years dead, came like the ancient Prophet’s rod, and swallowed up the whole.
• I.16 there would have been a copy of old Marley’s head on every one.
• I.17 They were succeeded by a clanking noise, deep down below; as if some person were dragging a heavy chain over the casks in the wine-merchant’s cellar.
• I.17 Upon its coming in, the dying flame leaped up, as though it cried, “I know him; Marley’s Ghost!” and fell again.
• I.18 “Much!”—Marley’s voice, no doubt about it.
• I.19 for the spectre’s voice disturbed the very marrow in his bones.
• I.19 There was something very awful, too, in the spectre’s being provided with an infernal atmosphere of its own.
• I.19 and wishing, though it were only for a second, to divert the vision’s stony gaze from himself.
• I.22 Not to know that no space of regret can make amends for one life’s opportunity misused!
• I.23 It held up its chain at arm’s length, as if that were the cause of all its unavailing grief,
• I.24 Scrooge’s countenance fell almost as low as the Ghost’s had done.
• I.25 When they were within two paces of each other, Marley’s Ghost held up its hand, warning him to come no nearer.
• I.25 Every one of them wore chains like Marley’s Ghost;
• II.1 would have become a mere United States’ security if there were no days to count by.У существительного во множественном числе на -s притяжательная форма пишется одним апострофом после s.
• II.2 Marley’s Ghost bothered him exceedingly.
• II.3 which gave him the appearance of having receded from the view, and being diminished to a child’s proportions.
• II.5 The grasp, though gentle as a woman’s hand, was not to be resisted.
• II.6 Its gentle touch, though it had been light and instantaneous, appeared still present to the old man’s sense of feeling.
• II.8 And the Sultan’s Groom turned upside down by the Genii; there he is upon his head!
• II.9 Scrooge’s former self grew larger at the words, and the room became a little darker and more dirty.
• II.11 A terrible voice in the hall cried, “Bring down Master Scrooge’s box, there!”
• II.11 Master Scrooge’s trunk being by this time tied on to the top of the chaise, the children bade the schoolmaster good-bye right willingly;
• II.13 Scrooge’s former self, now grown a young man, came briskly in, accompanied by his fellow-’prentice.
• II.13 and the warehouse was as snug, and warm, and dry, and bright a ball-room, as you would desire to see upon a winter’s night.’s бывает и у слов о времени: a winter’s night «зимняя ночь», a day’s work «дневная работа». upon — книжное on. ball-room теперь пишут слитно: ballroom.
• II.14 In came the cook, with her brother’s particular friend, the milkman.particular friend — «близкий, закадычный друг» (буквально «особый»). Та же шутка, что с «кузеном»: молочник приходится кухарке всего лишь «близким другом её брата».
• II.15 A positive light appeared to issue from Fezziwig’s calves.
• II.17 He felt the Spirit’s glance, and stopped.
• II.22 The terrible announcement that the baby had been taken in the act of putting a doll’s frying-pan into his mouth,doll’s значит «для куклы, кукольная»: игрушечная сковородка. Так же a doll’s house — «кукольный домик».
• II.23 “Belle,” said the husband, turning to his wife with a smile, “I saw an old friend of yours this afternoon.”Сказать a your friend нельзя: артикль и притяжательное слово вместе перед существительным не стоят. Поэтому притяжательное уходит за of и принимает самостоятельную форму: yours, mine, his. Смысл — «один твой старый друг», «один из твоих старых друзей».
• III.1 for the especial purpose of holding a conference with the second messenger despatched to him through Jacob Marley’s intervention.
• III.2 The moment Scrooge’s hand was on the lock, a strange voice called him by his name, and bade him enter.
• III.3 and such a mighty blaze went roaring up the chimney, as that dull petrification of a hearth had never known in Scrooge’s time, or Marley’s, or for many and many a winter season gone.
• III.3 who bore a glowing torch, in shape not unlike Plenty’s horn, and held it up, high up, to shed its light on Scrooge, as he came peeping round the door.
• III.3 He was not the dogged Scrooge he had been; and though the Spirit’s eyes were clear and kind, he did not like to meet them.
• III.6 The poulterers’ shops were still half open, and the fruiterers’ were radiant in their glory.У множественного числа на -s притяжательный падеж обозначается одним апострофом: poulterers’ — «торговцев птицей». poulterer — тот, кто продаёт poultry, домашнюю птицу и дичь.
• III.6 there were bunches of grapes, made, in the shopkeepers’ benevolence to dangle from conspicuous hooks, that people’s mouths might water gratis as they passed;
• III.7 The Grocers’! oh, the Grocers’! nearly closed, with perhaps two shutters down, or one; but through those gaps such glimpses!Притяжательная форма множественного числа без существительного: the Grocers’ (shops), «лавки бакалейщиков». Так по-английски до сих пор называют магазины и заведения: at the baker’s, at the doctor’s. Grocer торговал чаем, кофе, сахаром, пряностями и сушёными фруктами.
• III.8 And at the same time there emerged from scores of bye-streets, lanes, and nameless turnings, innumerable people, carrying their dinners to the bakers’ shops.
• III.8 The sight of these poor revellers appeared to interest the Spirit very much, for he stood with Scrooge beside him in a baker’s doorway,
• III.8 and yet there was a genial shadowing forth of all these dinners and the progress of their cooking, in the thawed blotch of wet above each baker’s oven;
• III.9 “Spirit,” said Scrooge, after a moment’s thought,Притяжательный падеж бывает и у слов, называющих время: «раздумье одного мгновения», то есть «минутное раздумье». Так же a day’s work, an hour’s walk.
• III.9 “I wonder you, of all the beings in the many worlds about us, should desire to cramp these people’s opportunities of innocent enjoyment.”
• III.9 “There are some upon this earth of yours,” returned the Spirit,Двойной притяжательный оборот: of + yours. Так говорят, когда перед существительным уже стоит this или a: a friend of mine, «один мой друг». С this звучит отстранённо: «эта ваша земля».
• III.9 It was a remarkable quality of the Ghost (which Scrooge had observed at the baker’s),Притяжательный падеж без существительного называет лавку или дом: the baker’s = the baker’s shop, «у булочника». Так же at the doctor’s, at my aunt’s.
• III.10 And perhaps it was the pleasure the good Spirit had in showing off this power of his,Тот же оборот, что this earth of yours выше: «эта его способность», то есть умение великана поместиться где угодно.
• III.10 or else it was his own kind, generous, hearty nature, and his sympathy with all poor men, that led him straight to Scrooge’s clerk’s;Два притяжательных подряд, и после второго нет существительного: «к (дому) клерка Скруджа». Ср. at the baker’s.
• III.10 and on the threshold of the door the Spirit smiled, and stopped to bless Bob Cratchit’s dwelling with the sprinkling of his torch.
• III.10 Then up rose Mrs. Cratchit, Cratchit’s wife, dressed out but poorly in a twice-turned gown,
• III.10 and getting the corners of his monstrous shirt collar (Bob’s private property, conferred upon his son and heir in honour of the day) into his mouth,
• III.10 And now two smaller Cratchits, boy and girl, came tearing in, screaming that outside the baker’s they had smelt the goose, and known it for their own;
• III.11 for he had been Tim’s blood horse all the way from church, and had come home rampant.
• III.12 when she had rallied Bob on his credulity, and Bob had hugged his daughter to his heart’s content.
• III.12 Bob’s voice was tremulous when he told them this, and trembled more when he said that Tiny Tim was growing strong and hearty.
• III.14 A smell like an eating-house and a pastrycook’s next door to each other, with a laundress’s next door to that!Притяжательная форма без существительного называет лавку или заведение: a pastrycook’s (shop) — «кондитерская», a laundress’s — «дом прачки, прачечная». Так же the baker’s, the chemist’s.
• III.15 and at Bob Cratchit’s elbow stood the family display of glass.
• III.16 He sat very close to his father’s side upon his little stool.
• III.16 It may be, that in the sight of Heaven, you are more worthless and less fit to live than millions like this poor man’s child.this относится к poor man, а не к child: «ребёнок этого бедняка».
• III.17 Scrooge bent before the Ghost’s rebuke, and trembling cast his eyes upon the ground.
• III.17 “My dear,” was Bob’s mild answer, “Christmas Day.”
• III.17 “I’ll drink his health for your sake and the Day’s,” said Mrs. Cratchit, “not for his.
• III.18 The two young Cratchits laughed tremendously at the idea of Peter’s being a man of business;
• III.18 Martha, who was a poor apprentice at a milliner’s, then told them what kind of work she had to do, and how many hours she worked at a stretch,Притяжательный падеж без существительного называет заведение: at a milliner’s (shop) — «у модистки, в шляпной мастерской», как at the baker’s «в булочной». milliner — мастерица, которая делает и продаёт дамские шляпы.
• III.19 and Peter might have known, and very likely did, the inside of a pawnbroker’s.
• III.19 and when they faded, and looked happier yet in the bright sprinklings of the Spirit’s torch at parting,
• III.19 and there a group of handsome girls, all hooded and fur-booted, and all chattering at once, tripped lightly off to some near neighbour’s house;
• III.21 An old, old man and woman, with their children and their children’s children, and another generation beyond that, all decked out gaily in their holiday attire.«Дети их детей», то есть внуки, а another generation beyond that — ещё и правнуки. У неправильного множественного children притяжательная форма с ’s, а не с s’.
• III.21 To Scrooge’s horror, looking back, he saw the last of the land, a frightful range of rocks, behind them;
• III.23 It was a much greater surprise to Scrooge to recognise it as his own nephew’s and to find himself in a bright, dry, gleaming room,Притяжательная форма без существительного: his own nephew’s (laugh), «смех его собственного племянника». Слово laugh не повторяют, оно понятно из предыдущего.
• III.23 “Ha, ha!” laughed Scrooge’s nephew. “Ha, ha, ha!”
• III.23 If you should happen, by any unlikely chance, to know a man more blest in a laugh than Scrooge’s nephew,
• III.23 When Scrooge’s nephew laughed in this way: holding his sides, rolling his head, and twisting his face into the most extravagant contortions:
• III.23 Scrooge’s niece, by marriage, laughed as heartily as he.
• III.23 “He said that Christmas was a humbug, as I live!” cried Scrooge’s nephew.
• III.24 “More shame for him, Fred!” said Scrooge’s niece, indignantly.
• III.24 and the sunniest pair of eyes you ever saw in any little creature’s head.
• III.24 “He’s a comical old fellow,” said Scrooge’s nephew, “that’s the truth: and not so pleasant as he might be.
• III.24 “I’m sure he is very rich, Fred,” hinted Scrooge’s niece.
• III.24 “What of that, my dear!” said Scrooge’s nephew.
• III.24 “I have no patience with him,” observed Scrooge’s niece.
• III.24 Scrooge’s niece’s sisters, and all the other ladies, expressed the same opinion.Две притяжательные формы подряд читаются с конца: сёстры — племянницы — Скруджа. Диккенс нарочно громоздит их: имён этим людям он так и не даёт.
• III.24 “Oh, I have!” said Scrooge’s nephew.
• III.25 “Indeed, I think he loses a very good dinner,” interrupted Scrooge’s niece.
• III.25 “Well! I’m very glad to hear it,” said Scrooge’s nephew, “because I haven’t great faith in these young housekeepers.
• III.25 Topper had clearly got his eye upon one of Scrooge’s niece’s sisters,Два притяжательных падежа подряд читаются с конца: сёстры — племянницы — Скруджа. Диккенс нарочно повторяет эту неуклюжую цепочку вместо имён.
• III.25 Whereat Scrooge’s niece’s sister—the plump one with the lace tucker: not the one with the roses—blushed.
• III.25 “Do go on, Fred,” said Scrooge’s niece, clapping her hands.
• III.25 Scrooge’s nephew revelled in another laugh, and as it was impossible to keep the infection off;
• III.26 “I was only going to say,” said Scrooge’s nephew,
• III.27 Scrooge’s niece played well upon the harp;
• III.27 without resorting to the sexton’s spade that buried Jacob Marley.
• III.28 There was first a game at blind-man’s buff.
• III.28 My opinion is, that it was a done thing between him and Scrooge’s nephew;
• III.29 Scrooge’s niece was not one of the blind-man’s buff party, but was made comfortable with a large chair and a footstool, in a snug corner, where the Ghost and Scrooge were close behind her.
• III.29 Likewise at the game of How, When, and Where, she was very great, and to the secret joy of Scrooge’s nephew, beat her sisters hollow:
• III.30 It was a Game called Yes and No, where Scrooge’s nephew had to think of something, and the rest must find out what;
• III.31 “A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to the old man, whatever he is!” said Scrooge’s nephew.
• III.31 In almshouse, hospital, and jail, in misery’s every refuge, where vain man in his little brief authority had not made fast the door, and barred the Spirit out,«Всякое прибежище горя»: притяжательный падеж отвлечённого существительного, книжный оборот вместо every refuge of misery. misery — и «горе», и «нищета».
• III.32 Scrooge had observed this change, but never spoke of it, until they left a children’s Twelfth Night party,У множественного числа не на -s (children, men) притяжательный падеж образуется как у единственного, с ’s.
• III.32 “Are spirits’ lives so short?” asked Scrooge.Притяжательный падеж множественного числа: к spirits добавлен только апостроф. lives /laɪvz/ — множественное число от life, не глагол lives /lɪvz/.
• III.32 “Forgive me if I am not justified in what I ask,” said Scrooge, looking intently at the Spirit’s robe,
• III.32 “It might be a claw, for the flesh there is upon it,” was the Spirit’s sorrowful reply.
• III.33 “They are Man’s,” said the Spirit, looking down upon them.Ответ на are they yours?: притяжательная форма стоит одна, слово children подразумевается. Man без артикля и с большой буквы — «Человек» вообще, род людской: это дети не Духа, а человечества.
• IV.4 for that was Past, and this Ghost’s province was the Future.
• IV.6 “Let the laundress alone to be the second; and let the undertaker’s man alone to be the third.
• IV.7 We’re not going to pick holes in each other’s coats, I suppose?”each other — «друг друга»; ’s присоединяется ко всему обороту: «(в платье) друг друга».
• IV.9 It’s a weakness of mine, and that’s the way I ruin myself,” said old Joe.«Двойной» притяжательный оборот: of и притяжательное местоимение в абсолютной форме (mine, yours, his). a friend of mine — «один мой друг», a weakness of mine — «одна моя слабость». Сказать a my weakness нельзя.
• IV.10 “Whose else’s do you think?” replied the woman.Просторечие: притяжательность выражена дважды, и в whose, и в else’s. В литературной речи who else’s. do you think вставлено в вопрос: «чьи же ещё, как ты думаешь?»
• IV.10 As they sat grouped about their spoil, in the scanty light afforded by the old man’s lamp,
• IV.11 The cover was so carelessly adjusted that the slightest raising of it, the motion of a finger upon Scrooge’s part, would have disclosed the face.
• IV.12 the heart brave, warm, and tender; and the pulse a man’s.
• IV.12 No voice pronounced these words in Scrooge’s ears, and yet he heard them when he looked upon the bed.
• IV.13 “If there is any person in the town, who feels emotion caused by this man’s death,” said Scrooge quite agonised,
• IV.14 “What the half-drunken woman whom I told you of last night, said to me, when I tried to see him and obtain a week’s delay;Притяжательный падеж у слов о времени: a week’s delay — «отсрочка на неделю», как a day’s work, an hour’s walk. Речь об отсрочке платежа по долгу.
• IV.14 The children’s faces, hushed and clustered round to hear what they so little understood, were brighter;У слова с неправильным множественным числом (children) притяжательный падеж образуется с ’s, как в единственном: children’s, men’s.
• IV.14 and it was a happier house for this man’s death!
• IV.15 They entered poor Bob Cratchit’s house; the dwelling he had visited before;
• IV.15 “They’re better now again,” said Cratchit’s wife.
• IV.17 Bob told them of the extraordinary kindness of Mr. Scrooge’s nephew, whom he had scarcely seen but once,
• IV.20 Walled in by houses; overrun by grass and weeds, the growth of vegetation’s death, not life;
• IV.20 “Men’s courses will foreshadow certain ends, to which, if persevered in, they must lead,” said Scrooge.Притяжательная форма от неправильного множественного men: ’s прибавляется прямо к нему. course здесь «путь, образ действий, линия жизни».
• IV.21 Holding up his hands in a last prayer to have his fate reversed, he saw an alteration in the Phantom’s hood and dress.
• V.3 “Do you know the Poulterer’s, in the next street but one, at the corner?” Scrooge inquired.Притяжательная форма без существительного называет лавку или дом: the poulterer’s (shop) — «лавка торговца птицей», как the baker’s — «булочная». poulterer торговал битой птицей и дичью; перед Рождеством его лавка была увешана гусями и индейками.
• V.4 “I’ll send it to Bob Cratchit’s!” whispered Scrooge, rubbing his hands, and splitting with a laugh.Притяжательная форма без существительного — чей-то дом: to Bob Cratchit’s (house) — «к Бобу Крэтчиту домой». Боб Крэтчит — клерк Скруджа; его имя читатель узнал только в третьей строфе.
• V.4 Joe Miller never made such a joke as sending it to Bob’s will be!”
• V.4 and went down-stairs to open the street door, ready for the coming of the poulterer’s man.Здесь poulterer’s — обычный притяжательный падеж: «человек торговца птицей», работник из лавки.
• V.5 who had walked into his counting-house the day before, and said, “Scrooge and Marley’s, I believe?”Притяжательное ’s стоит один раз, на втором имени, и относится к обоим; существительное опущено: «(контора) Скруджа и Марли». Это были первые слова джентльмена в первой строфе.
• V.6 In the afternoon he turned his steps towards his nephew’s house.