Предлоги и управление (answer to, good upon)

Английские глаголы и прилагательные требуют своих предлогов, которые редко совпадают с русскими. Переводить надо не предлог, а всё сочетание.

Примеры

• but he answered to both names 1.2но он отзывался на оба имени
• no falling snow was more intent upon its purpose 1.3никакой падающий снег не был упорнее в достижении своей цели
• I want nothing from you; I ask nothing of you 1.7Мне ничего от вас не нужно; я ничего у вас не прошу
• Many thousands are in want of common necessaries 1.8Многие тысячи нуждаются в самом необходимом
• You don’t believe in me 1.18Ты не веришь в меня

В тексте 197

• I.1 Scrooge signed it: and Scrooge’s name was good upon ’Change, for anything he chose to put his hand to.
• I.1 I might have been inclined, myself, to regard a coffin-nail as the deadest piece of ironmongery in the trade.regard X as Y — «считать X чем-то»: предлог as обязателен. coffin-nail — гвоздь, которым забивают крышку гроба.
• I.2 This must be distinctly understood, or nothing wonderful can come of the story I am going to relate.
• I.2 Sometimes people new to the business called Scrooge Scrooge, and sometimes Marley, but he answered to both names.answer to a name — «откликаться на имя». Без предлога answer значит «отвечать кому-то, на что-то»: answer a question.
• I.2 he iced his office in the dog-days; and didn’t thaw it one degree at Christmas.С названиями праздников употребляется at: at Christmas — «на Рождество, в рождественские дни». Даже в праздник, когда всем положено теплеть душой, Скрудж остаётся ледяным.
• I.3 External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge.
• I.3 No wind that blew was bitterer than he, no falling snow was more intent upon its purpose, no pelting rain less open to entreaty.intent on/upon something — «целиком устремлённый к чему-то, твёрдо решивший». Снег упорно делает своё дело, падает; Скрудж ещё упорнее.
• I.3 The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect.Два предлога, которые стоит запомнить: boast of (сейчас чаще boast about) «хвалиться чем-то» и advantage over «преимущество перед кем-то».
• I.3 Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, “My dear Scrooge, how are you?«На улице» — в британском английском in the street (в американском on the street).
• I.3 no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge.inquire something of somebody — книжное «осведомиться о чём-то у кого-то»: of здесь значит «у». В разговоре сказали бы asked Scrooge the way. Имя, отнесённое в самый конец, получает ударение: у кого угодно, только не у Скруджа.
• I.4 Once upon a time—of all the good days in the year, on Christmas Eve—old Scrooge sat busy in his counting-house.
• I.4 in which effort, not being a man of a strong imagination, he failed.
• I.5 It was the voice of Scrooge’s nephew, who came upon him so quickly that this was the first intimation he had of his approach.come upon — «неожиданно наткнуться, нагрянуть»: племянник появился перед Скруджем внезапно. upon — книжный вариант on.
• I.7 Why give it as a reason for not coming now?”
• I.7 “I want nothing from you; I ask nothing of you; why cannot we be friends?”Просить что-то у кого-то — ask something of somebody; сегодня чаще говорят from.
• I.7 We have never had any quarrel, to which I have been a party.
• I.7 He stopped at the outer door to bestow the greetings of the season on the clerk,bestow something on somebody — «даровать, жаловать что-то кому-то»; слово торжественное, выбрано с улыбкой. the season — рождественская пора; the greetings of the season, или season’s greetings, — поздравления с праздником.
• I.8 They had books and papers in their hands, and bowed to him.bow /baʊ/ — «кланяться»; кому — с предлогом to. Пишется так же, как bow /bəʊ/ «лук; бант», но читается иначе.
• I.8 “Scrooge and Marley’s, I believe,” said one of the gentlemen, referring to his list.refer to — «справляться, сверяться с чем-то» (также «ссылаться на»).
• I.10 “It’s enough for a man to understand his own business, and not to interfere with other people’s.
• I.10 The ancient tower of a church, whose gruff old bell was always peeping slily down at Scrooge out of a Gothic window in the wall, became invisible,
• I.10 The water-plug being left in solitude, its overflowings sullenly congealed, and turned to misanthropic ice.
• I.11 stooped down at Scrooge’s keyhole to regale him with a Christmas carol:
• I.12 and then ran home to Camden Town as hard as he could pelt, to play at blindman’s-buff.
• I.12 He lived in chambers which had once belonged to his deceased partner.
• I.12 They were a gloomy suite of rooms, in a lowering pile of building up a yard,up как предлог — «вверх по» или «вглубь по, в дальнем конце»: дом стоит в глубине двора, в стороне от улицы. yard — здесь тесный городской двор, тупик между домами.
• I.12 playing at hide-and-seek with other houses, and forgotten the way out again.
• I.13 also that Scrooge had as little of what is called fancy about him as any man in the city of London, even including—which is a bold word—the corporation, aldermen, and livery.have something about one — «иметь что-то в себе, в своей натуре»: воображения в Скрудже не было.
• I.13 Let it also be borne in mind that Scrooge had not bestowed one thought on Marley, since his last mention of his seven years’ dead partner that afternoon.
• I.13 And then let any man explain to me, if he can,
• I.13 It was not in impenetrable shadow as the other objects in the yard were, but had a dismal light about it, like a bad lobster in a dark cellar.about здесь — «вокруг»: лицо было окружено светом. dismal — «мрачный, унылый, зловещий».
• I.13 It was not angry or ferocious, but looked at Scrooge as Marley used to look: with ghostly spectacles turned up on its ghostly forehead.
• I.14 To say that he was not startled, or that his blood was not conscious of a terrible sensation to which it had been a stranger from infancy, would be untrue.
• I.15 and sat down before the fire to take his gruel.before здесь предлог места, «перед»; в этом значении сейчас чаще говорят in front of. Выше в разделе before был союзом времени: «прежде чем».
• I.16 “Humbug!” said Scrooge; and walked across the room.across — «поперёк, от одного края до другого»: Скрудж встаёт и идёт через всю комнату.
• I.16 and communicated for some purpose now forgotten with a chamber in the highest story of the building.communicate with о помещениях и устройствах — «сообщаться, быть соединённым с». Колокольчик был проведён в комнату наверху, а зачем — никто уже не помнит.
• I.18 “How now!” said Scrooge, caustic and cold as ever. “What do you want with me?”want something with someone — «хотеть чего-то от кого-то»: «Что вам от меня нужно?»
• I.18 “You don’t believe in me,” observed the Ghost.believe it — «верить сказанному», а believe in — «верить в то, что кто-то или что-то существует».
• I.19 “Why do you doubt your senses?”doubt не требует предлога: doubt something — «сомневаться в чём-то». Буква b в этом слове не читается.
• I.19 “Because,” said Scrooge, “a little thing affects them.affect — «влиять, действовать на кого-то», и предлог ему не нужен. Его легко спутать с существительным effect «действие, результат».
• I.19 There’s more of gravy than of grave about you, whatever you are!”about говорит о том, что есть в человеке, в его облике: there is something strange about him — «в нём есть что-то странное».
• I.19 To sit, staring at those fixed glazed eyes, in silence for a moment, would play, Scrooge felt, the very deuce with him.
• I.20 that Scrooge held on tight to his chair, to save himself from falling in a swoon.
• I.20 “Man of the worldly mind!” replied the Ghost, “do you believe in me or not?”believe in — «верить в существование кого-то или чего-то»; believe me значило бы «верить моим словам».
• I.20 “It is required of every man,” the Ghost returned, “that the spirit within him should walk abroad among his fellowmen, and travel far and wide;
• I.21 I girded it on of my own free will, and of my own free will I wore it.
• I.21 Scrooge glanced about him on the floor, in the expectation of finding himself surrounded by some fifty or sixty fathoms of iron cable:glance — «бросить быстрый взгляд»; about здесь «вокруг». После предлога места английский ставит простое him, хотя по-русски «вокруг себя».
• I.22 before the good of which it is susceptible is all developed.
• I.23 “But don’t be hard upon me!
• I.24 “You were always a good friend to me,” said Scrooge.a friend to someone — «друг кому-то, для кого-то»: подчёркнуто, как человек себя ведёт. a friend of mine значило бы просто «мой друг».
• I.24 Scrooge knew this, by the smart sound its teeth made, when the jaws were brought together by the bandage.Скрудж стоит на коленях, не поднимая глаз, и о происходящем судит на слух. know by — «узнать, понять по какому-то признаку».
• I.25 When they were within two paces of each other, Marley’s Ghost held up its hand, warning him to come no nearer.within с расстоянием значит «не дальше чем»: «в двух шагах друг от друга». pace — шаг как мера длины; each other — «друг друга».
• I.25 The spectre, after listening for a moment, joined in the mournful dirge; and floated out upon the bleak, dark night.
• I.25 The misery with them all was, clearly, that they sought to interfere, for good, in human matters, and had lost the power for ever.
• II.1 WHEN Scrooge awoke, it was so dark, that looking out of bed, he could scarcely distinguish the transparent window from the opaque walls of his chamber.
• II.1 So he listened for the hour.listen to — слушать то, что звучит; listen for — прислушиваться, ожидая звука. Скрудж ждёт, сколько ударов сделает колокол: the hour здесь — бой, отмечающий час.
• II.1 To his great astonishment the heavy bell went on from six to seven, and from seven to eight, and regularly up to twelve; then stopped.to + притяжательное местоимение + название чувства: «к его изумлению». Так же to my surprise «к моему удивлению», to her horror «к её ужасу».
• II.1 “Why, it isn’t possible,” said Scrooge, “that I can have slept through a whole day and far into another night.sleep through — «проспать от начала до конца». far into the night — «далеко за полночь, до глубокой ночи»: Скрудж лёг после двух ночи, а сейчас будто бы уже полночь следующих суток.
• II.3 Its hair, which hung about its neck and down its back, was white as if with age;
• II.5 Scrooge expressed himself much obliged, but could not help thinking that a night of unbroken rest would have been more conducive to that end.
• II.6 The Spirit gazed upon him mildly.gaze — «смотреть долго и пристально»; требует предлога at, а в книжной речи on или upon.
• II.6 He was conscious of a thousand odours floating in the air,be conscious of — «сознавать, ощущать что-то». Ср. в следующем разделе They have no consciousness of us.
• II.6 who called to other boys in country gigs and carts, driven by farmers.
• II.6 until the broad fields were so full of merry music, that the crisp air laughed to hear it!
• II.7 They left the high-road, by a well-remembered lane, and soon approached a mansion of dull red brick,approach не требует предлога: approach a house — «подойти к дому». mansion — большой господский дом; не путать с русским «мансарда».
• II.8 The Spirit touched him on the arm, and pointed to his younger self, intent upon his reading.intent on или upon — «целиком поглощённый чем-то». reading здесь герундий после предлога: «своим чтением».
• II.8 I’m glad of it.glad of — «рад чему-то»; сейчас чаще glad about it.
• II.8 What business had he to be married to the Princess!”be married to — «быть женатым на ком-то» или, как здесь, «быть обвенчанным с кем-то»; предлог to, а не with и не on.
• II.9 To hear Scrooge expending all the earnestness of his nature on such subjects, in a most extraordinary voice between laughing and crying;
• II.9 Then, with a rapidity of transition very foreign to his usual character,
• II.9 “I wish,” Scrooge muttered, putting his hand in his pocket, and looking about him, after drying his eyes with his cuff:«Оглядываясь вокруг себя». После предлогов места английский ставит обычное him, а не himself.
• II.9 Scrooge’s former self grew larger at the words, and the room became a little darker and more dirty.at называет то, в ответ на что происходит действие: «при этих словах, как только они прозвучали».
• II.10 and putting her arms about his neck, and often kissing him, addressed him as her “Dear, dear brother.”address — «обращаться к кому-то» и требует прямого дополнения, без предлога: addressed him. as вводит то, как именно назвала. Глагол книжный и здесь слегка шутливый.
• II.10 and he, nothing loth to go, accompanied her.accompany — «сопровождать, идти вместе с»; дополнение без предлога. Слово чинное: рассказчик улыбается, говоря так о мальчике, которого тянут за руку.
• II.11 and in the hall appeared the schoolmaster himself, who glared on Master Scrooge with a ferocious condescension,
• II.11 where the maps upon the wall, and the celestial and terrestrial globes in the windows, were waxy with cold.«Восковые от холода»: бледные и тусклые, как воск. Предлог with после прилагательного называет причину состояния: pale with fear, red with anger.
• II.11 the quick wheels dashing the hoar-frost and snow from off the dark leaves of the evergreens like spray.Два предлога подряд: from «от» и off «с поверхности» вместе значат «с, прочь с». Сейчас достаточно одного off или from.
• II.12 Old Fezziwig laid down his pen, and looked up at the clock, which pointed to the hour of seven.
• II.13 He was very much attached to me, was Dick.be attached to — «быть привязанным к кому-то», о дружбе и любви. Перед причастием для усиления ставят very much, а не одно very.
• II.13 You wouldn’t believe how those two fellows went at it!
• II.14 In came the boy from over the way, who was suspected of not having board enough from his master;
• II.15 As to her, she was worthy to be his partner in every sense of the term.as to — «что касается»; сегодня чаще as for her.
• II.15 You couldn’t have predicted, at any given time, what would have become of them next.become of — «статься, случиться с кем-то»: What has become of him? — «Что с ним сталось?». Речь об икрах Феззиуига: так быстро мелькали его ноги.
• II.16 When everybody had retired but the two ’prentices, they did the same to them;but после everybody, all, nobody — предлог «кроме»; он стоит здесь далеко от своего слова: everybody but the two ’prentices — «все, кроме двух учеников». retire — книжное «удалиться, уйти».
• II.16 The Spirit signed to him to listen to the two apprentices, who were pouring out their hearts in praise of Fezziwig:
• II.17 Say that his power lies in words and looks; in things so slight and insignificant that it is impossible to add and count ’em up: what then?
• II.18 “There is nothing on which it is so hard as poverty;be hard on — «быть суровым, беспощадным к кому-то или чему-то». Предлог стоит перед which: это книжный порядок, в разговоре сказали бы nothing it is so hard on.
• II.19 That which promised happiness when we were one in heart, is fraught with misery now that we are two.
• II.19 How often and how keenly I have thought of this, I will not say.
• II.19 He seemed to yield to the justice of this supposition, in spite of himself.
• II.21 to have looked upon the lashes of her downcast eyes, and never raised a blush;look upon — то же, что look at, но книжнее. lashes — сокращение от eyelashes «ресницы».
• II.22 The scaling him with chairs for ladders to dive into his pockets, despoil him of brown-paper parcels,despoil somebody of something — книжное «отнять у кого-то что-то, обобрать». Так же управляют rob somebody of, deprive somebody of.
• II.23 I passed his office window;Переходный глагол: pass a window — «пройти мимо окна». Русскому «мимо» здесь не соответствует никакой предлог.
• II.23 He turned upon the Ghost, and seeing that it looked upon him with a face,turn on (upon) somebody — резко обернуться к кому-то с вызовом, накинуться на него. upon — книжный вариант on.
• II.24 which streamed from under it, in an unbroken flood upon the ground.Два предлога подряд, как и в русском «из-под»: from «из» + under «под».
• II.24 He was conscious of being exhausted, and overcome by an irresistible drowsiness; and, further, of being in his own bedroom.
• III.1 Gentlemen of the free-and-easy sort, who plume themselves on being acquainted with a move or two, and being usually equal to the time-of-day,
• III.1 Without venturing for Scrooge quite as hardily as this, I don’t mind calling on you to believe that he was ready for a good broad field of strange appearances,
• III.4 “Look upon me!”
• III.4 I went forth last night on compulsion, and I learnt a lesson which is working now.«По принуждению», от compel «принуждать». Сегодня обычнее under compulsion. С Духом Прошлого Рождества Скрудж пошёл не по своей воле.
• III.4 To-night, if you have aught to teach me, let me profit by it.”
• III.5 and they stood in the city streets on Christmas morning, where (for the weather was severe) the people made a rough, but brisk and not unpleasant kind of music,С частями дня обычно говорят in the morning, но когда назван конкретный день, предлог меняется на on: on Christmas morning, on Monday evening.
• III.5 in scraping the snow from the pavement in front of their dwellings, and from the tops of their houses,Составной предлог из трёх слов: «перед, напротив фасада». dwellings — книжное слово для «жилищ»; в обычной речи houses, homes.
• III.6 and winking from their shelves in wanton slyness at the girls as they went by, and glanced demurely at the hung-up mistletoe.wink at — «подмигивать кому-то», glance at — «бросить взгляд на»: оба глагола требуют at. wanton здесь «игривый, шаловливый»; слово устарело.
• III.7 worn outside for general inspection, and for Christmas daws to peck at if they chose.
• III.8 For they said, it was a shame to quarrel upon Christmas Day.С днями английский ставит on (книжное upon): on Christmas Day, on Monday.
• III.8 “Would it apply to any kind of dinner on this day?” asked Scrooge.
• III.9 “You would deprive them of their means of dining every seventh day,Глагол deprive требует предлога of: deprive somebody of something, «лишить кого-то чего-то». means of dining — «средство, способ пообедать».
• III.9 Remember that, and charge their doings on themselves, not us.”charge something on somebody — «возложить вину за что-то на кого-то», книжный оборот; сейчас сказали бы blame them for their doings. doings — «дела, поступки», обычно с оттенком неодобрения.
• III.11 And Martha warn’t as late last Christmas Day by half-an-hour?”
• III.11 “Not coming upon Christmas Day!”Перед днём ставится on, в книжной речи того времени и upon: on Christmas Day. А о всей праздничной поре говорят at Christmas.
• III.12 so she came out prematurely from behind the closet door, and ran into his arms,Два предлога подряд: from «из» + behind «за» = «из-за». Так же from under «из-под».
• III.12 when she had rallied Bob on his credulity, and Bob had hugged his daughter to his heart’s content.
• III.12 and while Bob, turning up his cuffs—as if, poor fellow, they were capable of being made more shabby—compounded some hot mixture in a jug with gin and lemons,
• III.13 and mounting guard upon their posts, crammed spoons into their mouths, lest they should shriek for goose before their turn came to be helped.
• III.15 Bob Cratchit said, and calmly too, that he regarded it as the greatest success achieved by Mrs. Cratchit since their marriage.
• III.15 Any Cratchit would have blushed to hint at such a thing.
• III.16 Oh God! to hear the Insect on the leaf pronouncing on the too much life among his hungry brothers in the dust!”
• III.18 The two young Cratchits laughed tremendously at the idea of Peter’s being a man of business;
• III.18 and Peter himself looked thoughtfully at the fire from between his collars,Два предлога подряд: from between — «из промежутка между». collars — два высоких стоячих конца воротничка по сторонам лица. На Питере в честь праздника огромный отцовский воротничок, о чём сказано в начале сцены, и он в нём почти тонет.
• III.19 But, they were happy, grateful, pleased with one another, and contented with the time;pleased with — «довольный кем-то»; one another — то же, что each other, «друг друга».
• III.21 The old man, in a voice that seldom rose above the howling of the wind upon the barren waste,«Каким-то голосом» по-английски in a voice: in a low voice «тихим голосом».
• III.21 To Scrooge’s horror, looking back, he saw the last of the land, a frightful range of rocks, behind them;to + чьё-то чувство: «к ужасу Скруджа». Так же to my surprise «к моему удивлению».
• III.22 Great heaps of sea-weed clung to its base, and storm-birds—born of the wind one might suppose, as sea-weed of the water—rose and fell about it, like the waves they skimmed.
• III.22 but every man among them hummed a Christmas tune, or had a Christmas thought, or spoke below his breath to his companion of some bygone Christmas Day, with homeward hopes belonging to it.
• III.22 and had shared to some extent in its festivities;share in — «участвовать в чём-то, иметь свою долю»: на корабле в море праздник скромный, но свой.
• III.22 and had remembered those he cared for at a distance, and had known that they delighted to remember him.
• III.23 It was a great surprise to Scrooge, while listening to the moaning of the wind,
• III.24 “I am sorry for him; I couldn’t be angry with him if I tried.be sorry for + человек — «жалеть кого-то»; не путать с I am sorry «простите».
• III.25 Scrooge’s nephew revelled in another laugh, and as it was impossible to keep the infection off;revel in something — «упиваться, наслаждаться чем-то от души». another laugh — «ещё один взрыв смеха»: laugh здесь существительное. Британское написание с двумя l: revelled.
• III.26 He may rail at Christmas till he dies,
• III.27 Scrooge’s niece played well upon the harp;Сейчас говорят play the harp, без предлога; play upon — старое управление. Название инструмента стоит с the.
• III.27 and thought that if he could have listened to it often, years ago,
• III.27 without resorting to the sexton’s spade that buried Jacob Marley.
• III.28 After a while they played at forfeits;
• III.29 But she joined in the forfeits, and loved her love to admiration with all the letters of the alphabet.
• III.29 Likewise at the game of How, When, and Where, she was very great, and to the secret joy of Scrooge’s nephew, beat her sisters hollow:great at something — разговорное «мастер в чём-то»; так же говорят good at. Обстоятельство at the game… вынесено в начало.to с названием чувства значит «к»: to my surprise — «к моему удивлению». Муж гордится ею, но виду не подаёт.
• III.29 for wholly forgetting in the interest he had in what was going on, that his voice made no sound in their ears,
• III.30 It was a Game called Yes and No, where Scrooge’s nephew had to think of something, and the rest must find out what;
• III.30 he only answering to their questions yes or no, as the case was.Сейчас answer употребляют без предлога: answer a question. only по смыслу относится к yes or no.
• III.30 The brisk fire of questioning to which he was exposed, elicited from him that he was thinking of an animal, a live animal, rather a disagreeable animal, a savage animal,
• III.30 At every fresh question that was put to him, this nephew burst into a fresh roar of laughter;
• III.31 by struggling men, and they were patient in their greater hope; by poverty, and it was rich.Здесь не «кем», а «возле, рядом с»: всё ещё продолжается The Spirit stood.
• III.31 he left his blessing, and taught Scrooge his precepts.После teach два дополнения без предлогов: кого учат и чему. По-русски второе стоит в дательном падеже: «учил Скруджа своим заповедям».
• III.32 They knelt down at its feet, and clung upon the outside of its garment.Прошедшее время от cling «цепляться, льнуть». Сейчас говорят cling to; upon у Диккенса — книжный вариант.
• III.33 “And they cling to me, appealing from their fathers.cling, clung, clung — «цепляться, льнуть»; управляет предлогом to (в конце прошлого раздела было clung upon).
• III.33 Scrooge looked about him for the Ghost, and saw it not.Два оборота в одном: look about one — «оглядеться вокруг себя» (после предлога места стоит him, а не himself) и look for — «искать». the Ghost — тот же Дух Нынешнего Рождества.
• IV.1 Although well used to ghostly company by this time, Scrooge feared the silent shape so much that his legs trembled beneath him,by о времени — «к»: «к этому времени, уже».
• IV.1 and he found that he could hardly stand when he prepared to follow it.follow требует дополнения без предлога: по-русски «следовать за кем-то», по-английски follow somebody.
• IV.2 “Ghost of the Future!” he exclaimed, “I fear you more than any spectre I have seen.fear требует дополнения без предлога: I fear you — «я боюсь вас».
• IV.2 The night is waning fast, and it is precious time to me, I know.precious to somebody — «драгоценный для кого-то». Скряга, который считал драгоценными деньги, теперь дорожит временем.
• IV.2 and trifled thoughtfully with their great gold seals;
• IV.3 Observing that the hand was pointed to them, Scrooge advanced to listen to their talk.После listen всегда нужен предлог to: listen to their talk, «слушать их разговор».
• IV.3 “for upon my life I don’t know of anybody to go to it.
• IV.3 When I come to think of it, I’m not at all sure that I wasn’t his most particular friend;
• IV.4 Scrooge knew the men, and looked towards the Spirit for an explanation.Буквально «посмотрел в сторону Духа за объяснением»: взглядом попросил объяснить. for называет то, чего ищут или ждут.
• IV.4 They were men of business: very wealthy, and of great importance.of + существительное описывает качество, как прилагательное: of great importance = very important, «очень важные».
• IV.4 in a business point of view, that is; strictly in a business point of view.Сейчас говорят from a business point of view: «с деловой точки зрения». У Диккенса старый предлог in.
• IV.5 He looked about in that very place for his own image;
• IV.5 and though the clock pointed to his usual time of day for being there,
• IV.5 and the whole quarter reeked with crime, with filth, and misery.
• IV.6 Sitting in among the wares he dealt in, by a charcoal stove, made of old bricks, was a grey-haired rascal, nearly seventy years of age;
• IV.6 who was no less startled by the sight of them, than they had been upon the recognition of each other.upon с существительным действия значит «при, в момент»: «узнав друг друга». Все трое знакомы, и каждый пришёл тайком.
• IV.6 After a short period of blank astonishment, in which the old man with the pipe had joined them, they all three burst into a laugh.join somebody in something — «присоединиться к кому-то в чём-то»: старик изумился вместе с ними.
• IV.7 We’re all suitable to our calling, we’re well matched.
• IV.7 crossing her elbows on her knees, and looking with a bold defiance at the other two.
• IV.8 “and it should have been, you may depend upon it, if I could have laid my hands on anything else.
• IV.8 But the gallantry of her friends would not allow of this;
• IV.9 If you asked me for another penny, and made it an open question, I’d repent of being so liberal and knock off half-a-crown.”
• IV.10 “I hope he didn’t die of anything catching?«Умереть от болезни» — die of. catching — разговорное «заразный» (от catch «подхватить» болезнь); прилагательное при anything, something, nothing всегда стоит после них.
• IV.10 Scrooge listened to this dialogue in horror.listen требует предлога to: listen to music, listen to me. Без дополнения предлог не нужен.
• IV.13 and withdrawing it, revealed a room by daylight, where a mother and her children were.by о свете, при котором что-то видно или делается: by daylight «при дневном свете», by candle-light «при свече». После тёмной комнаты с покойником — день.
• IV.13 There was a remarkable expression in it now; a kind of serious delight of which he felt ashamed, and which he struggled to repress.be / feel ashamed of — «стыдиться чего-то». Предлог of перенесён вперёд, к which: книжный порядок; в разговоре было бы which he felt ashamed of.
• IV.13 He sat down to the dinner that had been hoarding for him by the fire;sit down to — «сесть за» еду: to показывает, к чему человек садится. dinner — главная еда дня, которая ждала его дома.
• IV.15 They entered poor Bob Cratchit’s house; the dwelling he had visited before;enter не требует предлога: enter a house — «войти в дом» (не enter in).
• IV.15 The mother and her daughters were engaged in sewing.
• IV.15 “It makes them weak by candle-light;by с источником света — «при»: by candle-light «при свечах», by daylight «при дневном свете». В бедном доме шьют вечером при свече.
• IV.16 “But he was very light to carry,” she resumed, intent upon her work,intent upon — «целиком занятый чем-то»: она не поднимает глаз от шитья.
• IV.16 His tea was ready for him on the hob, and they all tried who should help him to it most.Буквально «пробовали, кто больше всех поможет ему с ним», то есть наперебой ухаживали за отцом. help someone to something — «подать, положить кому-то еду»; ср. Help yourself! «Угощайтесь!».
• IV.17 He was reconciled to what had happened, and went down again quite happy.be reconciled to — «примириться, смириться с чем-то»: предлог to, а не with.
• IV.17 Bob told them of the extraordinary kindness of Mr. Scrooge’s nephew, whom he had scarcely seen but once,tell of — «рассказывать о»; сегодня чаще tell about.
• IV.17 ‘I am heartily sorry for it, Mr. Cratchit,’ he said, ‘and heartily sorry for your good wife.’be sorry for значит и «сожалеть о чём-то», и «жалеть кого-то, сочувствовать кому-то»: здесь оба значения подряд.
• IV.18 It really seemed as if he had known our Tiny Tim, and felt with us.”feel with somebody — «чувствовать вместе с кем-то», то есть сочувствовать, разделять горе. Сегодня чаще feel for.
• IV.18 But however and whenever we part from one another, I am sure we shall none of us forget poor Tiny Tim—shall we—or this first parting that there was among us?”part from — «расставаться с кем-то»; one another — «друг друга, друг с другом».
• IV.20 He joined it once again, and wondering why and whither he had gone, accompanied it until they reached an iron gate.join требует дополнения без предлога: «присоединился к нему». it — Привидение: о Духе Диккенс говорит в среднем роде.
• IV.20 “Before I draw nearer to that stone to which you point,” said Scrooge, “answer me one question.answer обходится без предлога и перед лицом, и перед вопросом: «ответьте мне на один вопрос».
• IV.21 “Spirit!” he cried, tight clutching at its robe, “hear me!
• IV.21 “Your nature intercedes for me, and pities me.nature — здесь «натура, сама суть»: Дух добр по своей природе, и она сама «ходатайствует» за Скруджа. intercede for — книжное «заступаться, просить за кого-то».
• V.1 He was so fluttered and so glowing with his good intentions, that his broken voice would scarcely answer to his call.
• V.1 He had been sobbing violently in his conflict with the Spirit, and his face was wet with tears.Причину состояния вводит with: wet with tears — «мокрый от слёз». tears «слёзы» читается /tɪəz/; глагол tear «рвать», который появится в следующей фразе (torn), пишется так же, а читается /teə/.
• V.3 The Spirits have done it all in one night.Призрак Марли обещал, что Духи придут три ночи подряд. Но они управились за одну, и Скрудж проснулся рождественским утром. in при сроке — «за»: in one night — «за одну ночь».
• V.4 What an honest expression it has in its face!О выражении лица по-английски говорят in: an expression in his face. Скрудж говорит о молотке как о живом: на многих дверных молотках и вправду отлито лицо.
• V.4 The chuckle with which he said this, and the chuckle with which he paid for the Turkey,
• V.5 “My dear sir,” said Scrooge, quickening his pace, and taking the old gentleman by both his hands.Взять кого-то «за руку» — by the hand. both ставится перед притяжательным местоимением: both his hands.
• V.5 It was very kind of you.Прилагательное оценки, затем of и лицо: «с вашей стороны». Так же nice of you, good of him.
• V.9 and we will discuss your affairs this very afternoon, over a Christmas bowl of smoking bishop, Bob!over с названием еды или питья значит «за»: over a cup of tea «за чашкой чая». bowl здесь чаша для пунша.
• V.9 at which some people did not have their fill of laughter in the outset;