Some, any, no, much, many, little, few

Эти слова указывают количество. Some стоит в утверждениях, any в отрицаниях и вопросах, no само создаёт отрицание; much и little идут с неисчисляемыми существительными, many и few с исчисляемыми.

Примеры

• External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge. 1.3Внешние жар и холод мало действовали на Скруджа.
• We have never had any quarrel 1.7У нас никогда не было никакой ссоры
• Many can’t go there; and many would rather die. 1.9Многие не могут туда пойти, а многие предпочли бы умереть.
• a few of us are endeavouring to raise a fund 1.9некоторые из нас стараются собрать средства
• No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle 1.3Нищие не молили его подать хоть мелочь

В тексте 86

• I.1 Scrooge and he were partners for I don’t know how many years.
• I.2 than there would be in any other middle-aged gentleman rashly turning out after dark in a breezy spot—say Saint Paul’s Churchyard for instance—literally to astonish his son’s weak mind.
• I.2 Sometimes people new to the business called Scrooge Scrooge, and sometimes Marley, but he answered to both names.
• I.3 External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge.Без артикля little значит «мало, почти никакого» (с неисчисляемыми существительными); a little influence было бы «небольшое, но всё же влияние». Запомните предлог: influence on — «влияние на».
• I.7 We have never had any quarrel, to which I have been a party.
• I.8 “it is more than usually desirable that we should make some slight provision for the Poor and destitute, who suffer greatly at the present time.
• I.8 “Plenty of prisons,” said the gentleman, laying down the pen again.plenty of — «полным-полно, сколько угодно»; годится и для исчисляемых, и для неисчисляемых. Краткий ответ без глагола: (There are) plenty of prisons.
• I.9 “a few of us are endeavouring to raise a fund to buy the Poor some meat and drink, and means of warmth.a few — «несколько, кое-кто» (сколько-то есть), а few без артикля — «мало» (почти нет). Артикль меняет смысл.
• I.9 “Many can’t go there; and many would rather die.”
• I.10 In the main street, at the corner of the court, some labourers were repairing the gas-pipes, and had lighted a great fire in a brazier,
• I.10 a glorious pageant, with which it was next to impossible to believe that such dull principles as bargain and sale had anything to do.
• I.11 “You’ll want all day to-morrow, I suppose?” said Scrooge.
• I.12 where it had so little business to be, that one could scarcely help fancying it must have run there when it was a young house,
• I.12 It was old enough now, and dreary enough, for nobody lived in it but Scrooge, the other rooms being all let out as offices.
• I.13 how it happened that Scrooge, having his key in the lock of the door, saw in the knocker, without its undergoing any intermediate process of change—not a knocker, but Marley’s face.
• I.14 There was plenty of width for that, and room to spare;plenty of — «много, более чем достаточно». width — «ширина», от wide.
• I.16 The fireplace was an old one, built by some Dutch merchant long ago, and paved all round with quaint Dutch tiles, designed to illustrate the Scriptures.
• I.16 If each smooth tile had been a blank at first, with power to shape some picture on its surface from the disjointed fragments of his thoughts,
• I.16 there would have been a copy of old Marley’s head on every one.
• I.16 After several turns, he sat down again.
• I.19 Scrooge was not much in the habit of cracking jokes, nor did he feel, in his heart, by any means waggish then.
• I.21 Scrooge glanced about him on the floor, in the expectation of finding himself surrounded by some fifty or sixty fathoms of iron cable:
• I.21 A very little more is all permitted to me.a little с артиклем — «немного, чуть-чуть» (без артикля little значит «мало»). a very little more — «ещё совсем чуть-чуть»: сказать ещё можно, но очень немногое.
• I.21 I cannot rest, I cannot stay, I cannot linger anywhere.linger — «мешкать, задерживаться где-то дольше нужного». При отрицании anywhere значит «нигде»: cannot … anywhere — «нигде не могу».
• I.22 Not to know that any Christian spirit working kindly in its little sphere, whatever it may be, will find its mortal life too short for its vast means of usefulness.
• I.25 and at every step it took, the window raised itself a little, so that when the spectre reached it, it was wide open.
• I.25 some few (they might be guilty governments) were linked together; none were free.Старый оборот: «немногие, кое-кто»; теперь сказали бы a few.
• II.1 It isn’t possible that anything has happened to the sun, and this is twelve at noon!”
• II.1 He was obliged to rub the frost off with the sleeve of his dressing-gown before he could see anything; and could see very little then.little без артикля — «мало, почти ничего» (с артиклем a little — «немного, кое-что»). then — «и тогда», то есть даже протерев стекло.
• II.3 yet not so like a child as like an old man, viewed through some supernatural medium,
• II.4 Perhaps, Scrooge could not have told anybody why, if anybody could have asked him;После отрицания anybody — «никто, никому» (could not have told anybody); в условии с if — «кто-нибудь».
• II.5 Scrooge reverently disclaimed all intention to offend or any knowledge of having wilfully “bonneted” the Spirit at any period of his life.
• II.6 “Strange to have forgotten it for so many years!” observed the Ghost.
• II.6 Some shaggy ponies now were seen trotting towards them with boys upon their backs,
• II.7 which associated itself somehow with too much getting up by candle-light, and not too much to eat.
• II.13 “No more work to-night.
• II.13 “Clear away, my lads, and let’s have lots of room here!lots of — разговорное «много, полно». room без артикля — не «комната», а «место, простор».
• II.15 and there was a great piece of Cold Roast, and there was a great piece of Cold Boiled, and there were mince-pies, and plenty of beer.plenty of значит «много, вдоволь, сколько душе угодно» и ставится и перед исчисляемыми, и перед неисчисляемыми существительными.
• II.16 Mr. and Mrs. Fezziwig took their stations, one on either side of the door,either обычно значит «тот или другой из двух», но с side, end, hand — «и тот и другой, оба»: on either side = on each side, «по обе стороны». Супруги встали по одному у каждого косяка.
• II.16 He has spent but a few pounds of your mortal money: three or four perhaps.
• II.17 This was not addressed to Scrooge, or to any one whom he could see, but it produced an immediate effect.
• II.18 “It matters little,” she said, softly.matter здесь глагол: «иметь значение, быть важным». little без артикля — «мало, почти нисколько»: «это почти не важно». Сцена открывается посреди разговора: о чём шла речь, станет ясно из её слов.
• II.19 In everything that made my love of any worth or value in your sight.
• II.23 in which in some strange way there were fragments of all the faces it had shown him, wrestled with it.
• II.23 In the struggle, if that can be called a struggle in which the Ghost with no visible resistance on its own part was undisturbed by any effort of its adversary,un- + disturbed «потревоженный»: Призрака не могло поколебать никакое усилие. any рядом с отрицанием (здесь оно в приставке un-) значит «никакой».
• III.1 express the wide range of their capacity for adventure by observing that they are good for anything from pitch-and-toss to manslaughter;
• III.2 Now, being prepared for almost anything, he was not by any means prepared for nothing;
• III.8 And it was a very uncommon kind of torch, for once or twice when there were angry words between some dinner-carriers who had jostled each other,
• III.8 he shed a few drops of water on them from it, and their good humour was restored directly.
• III.8 “Would it apply to any kind of dinner on this day?” asked Scrooge.any в вопросе о возможном значит «любой»: «к любому обеду», к какому угодно.
• III.11 “We’d a deal of work to finish up last night,” replied the girl, “and had to clear away this morning, mother!”a deal of — разговорное «много, уйма», то же, что a great deal of. Марта работает ученицей у модистки, и перед праздником заказов особенно много.
• III.14 A great deal of steam!a great deal of — «очень много» с неисчисляемыми существительными: a great deal of steam, of time, of money. Глагола в этих коротких фразах нет: рассказчик выкрикивает то, что слышно и видно из комнаты.
• III.15 Any Cratchit would have blushed to hint at such a thing.В утвердительном предложении any значит «любой, всякий». Фамилия с any или с артиклем означает одного из членов семьи: «любой из Крэтчитов».
• III.18 Martha, who was a poor apprentice at a milliner’s, then told them what kind of work she had to do, and how many hours she worked at a stretch,
• III.22 Built upon a dismal reef of sunken rocks, some league or so from shore, on which the waters chafed and dashed, the wild year through, there stood a solitary lighthouse.
• III.22 Again the Ghost sped on, above the black and heaving sea—on, on—until, being far away, as he told Scrooge, from any shore, they lighted on a ship.
• III.24 He don’t do any good with it.
• III.26 that he loses some pleasant moments, which could do him no harm.
• III.27 After tea, they had some music.
• III.28 He wouldn’t catch anybody else.
• III.28 If you had fallen up against him (as some of them did), on purpose,
• III.31 “He has given us plenty of merriment, I am sure,” said Fred, “and it would be ungrateful not to drink his health.
• III.31 Much they saw, and far they went, and many homes they visited, but always with a happy end.
• III.33 No change, no degradation, no perversion of humanity, in any grade, through all the mysteries of wonderful creation, has monsters half so horrible and dread.
• IV.3 “No,” said a great fat man with a monstrous chin, “I don’t know much about it, either way.
• IV.3 “for upon my life I don’t know of anybody to go to it.
• IV.5 It gave him little surprise, however;little без артикля значит «мало, почти нисколько»; a little surprise было бы «небольшое удивление». Буквально: «это дало ему мало удивления».
• IV.6 Secrets that few would like to scrutinise were bred and hidden in mountains of unseemly rags, masses of corrupted fat, and sepulchres of bones.few без артикля — «немногие, мало кто» (с оттенком «почти никто»). would like — «захотели бы». Придаточное с that определяет secrets: «тайны, в которые мало кто захотел бы вглядываться».
• IV.8 Who’s the worse for the loss of a few things like these?a few — «несколько» (без артикля few значило бы «мало»). like these — «вроде этих»: она кивает на узлы.
• IV.9 Sheets and towels, a little wearing apparel, two old-fashioned silver teaspoons, a pair of sugar-tongs, and a few boots.
• IV.9 and having unfastened a great many knots, dragged out a large and heavy roll of some dark stuff.a great many — устойчивое «очень много, великое множество» (с исчисляемыми во множественном числе). В knot первая k не читается: /nɒt/.
• IV.9 “I certainly shan’t hold my hand, when I can get anything in it by reaching it out, for the sake of such a man as He was, I promise you, Joe,” returned the woman coolly.
• IV.10 “I hope he didn’t die of anything catching?
• IV.10 “Somebody was fool enough to do it, but I took it off again.
• IV.10 If calico an’t good enough for such a purpose, it isn’t good enough for anything.
• IV.13 “If there is any person in the town, who feels emotion caused by this man’s death,” said Scrooge quite agonised,После if стоит any, а не some: «хоть какой-нибудь», «хоть один». Условие здесь реальное, поэтому настоящее время is.
• IV.15 “Let me see some tenderness connected with a death,” said Scrooge;
• IV.17 Poor Bob sat down in it, and when he had thought a little and composed himself, he kissed the little face.
• IV.18 If I can be of service to you in any way,’ he said, giving me his card, ‘that’s where I live.
• IV.18 “It’s just as likely as not,” said Bob, “one of these days; though there’s plenty of time for that, my dear.plenty of — «полно, предостаточно»: времени ещё много, спешить некуда.
• IV.19 Indeed, the Spirit did not stay for anything, but went straight on, as to the end just now desired, until besought by Scrooge to tarry for a moment.
• IV.20 choked up with too much burying; fat with repleted appetite.
• V.2 I don’t know anything.
• V.3 They can do anything they like.В утвердительном предложении anything — «всё что угодно». После него пропущено that: anything (that) they like. like здесь — «хотеть, считать нужным».
• V.6 A great many back-payments are included in it, I assure you.Устойчивое сочетание: «очень много», «великое множество». Оно идёт с артиклем a, но существительное после него стоит во множественном числе.
• V.9 Some people laughed to see the alteration in him, but he let them laugh, and little heeded them;